Moritz Hartmann (publicist)

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Moritz Hartmann , woodcut after Adolf Neumann ( Die Gartenlaube , 1859)Hartmann signatura.jpg
Moritz Hartmann, graphic from the magazine "Freya", 1865.

Moritz Hartmann (born October 15, 1821 in Duschnik , Bohemia ; † May 13, 1872 in Oberdöbling ) was an Austrian journalist , writer and politician .

Origin and education

Hartmann's father was a Jewish hammer mill owner and his mother the daughter of the district rabbi of Jungbunzlau . After high school in Prague, he attended the anti-Semitic Piarist high school in Jungbunzlau, which he only endured through the support of his orthodox but undogmatic grandfather, whom he greatly admired. Here Leopold Kompert was one of his classmates. At the age of 17 he turned away from Judaism and was without a denomination, according to other sources he converted to Catholicism . Following the wishes of his parents, he began studying medicine at the Charles University in Prague , according to another source, philosophy and literature . During this time he made friends with Alfred Meißner and his later brother-in-law Siegfried Kapper and published his first literary publications in "Ost und West". But only two years later he went to Vienna in 1840 to devote himself entirely to literature and writing. He earned his living as an educator and court master .

Act

Hartmann became a poet out of the conviction that he would make an impact. He was a radical and convinced democrat who not only longed for the end of the monarchy, but also wanted to create a unified Germany in a revolutionary way. His literary work includes poems , novels , satires and short stories . He is considered to be the chronicler of the Vienna Revolution of 1848 .

In 1844 he went to Germany for a few years and was probably in Leipzig , Paris and Berlin . In 1845 he published his first book of poetry in Leipzig "chalice and Sword", which fell the Austrian censorship determination victim because it the Hussite movement was glorified. His second work "Newer Poems" was published in Leipzig in 1846. While fleeing from police persecution, he came to Brussels and Paris, where he met Heinrich Heine , with whom he was to become a deep friend.

His liberal, pre-March poetry and the associated police persecution made him known to the public, and when he returned to Bohemia in 1847 , he was elected to the Frankfurt National Assembly as a member of the Leitmeritz district. As one of the most radical representatives of the democratic left, he joined the October uprising in Vienna in 1848 together with Robert Blum and Julius Froebel . On the imperial orders, the constituent Reichstag in Vienna was closed on October 22nd and moved to Kremsier. On October 26th, Alfred I. zu Windisch-Graetz ordered the bombardment of Vienna. The Polish general Josef Bem led the defense. Windisch-Graetz put down the uprising with blood. More than 4000 deaths and 2400 arrests were the result, 500 were sentenced, 25 of them to death. While Robert Blum was being executed and Julius Froebel arrested, Moritz Hartmann managed to escape from Vienna at the last second. He went to Stuttgart with the Frankfurt “rump parliament” and remained a member of parliament until it was dissolved. After participating in the Baden Revolution , he had to flee Germany for good. Years of wandering followed, which took him to Switzerland, England and France. From Paris he made trips to England, Holland, Belgium and Italy. He lived off articles for newspapers and magazines, for example he reported for the Kölnische Zeitung as a correspondent on the Crimean War (1854–1855) in Turkey. He returned from the theater of war with a leg injury and was confined to bed for a long time. It became an attraction for many prominent intellectuals and refugees. In 1860 he received the offer - although he had not completed a relevant degree - to give lectures on German literary history at the Geneva Academy.

On June 14, 1860, he married (Protestant at the request of his mother-in-law) in Le Petit-Saconnex Bertha Roediger (1839–1916), daughter of Achilles Roediger , former lecturer and cantor of the Walloon-Dutch Church and owner of the “Roediger'sche Private lessons and educational institution ”in Hanau. Roediger stood up for religious tolerance, he was committed to the disadvantaged and persecuted and to the Baden Revolution of 1848/49. As a result, he was dismissed from church service and lost the right to run his private school. The Roediger family had to go into exile in Geneva in 1852, where they reopened a boarding school in the La Châtelaine Campagne. The Hartmann couple had sons Heinrich (1861–1865) and Ludo Moritz .

Hartmann became an editor in Stuttgart in 1863 , where he headed the editorial department of Freya magazine from 1867 . After the amnesty in 1867, he was feuilleton -Redakteur the Neue Freie Presse and the Burgtheater in Vienna speaker. From 1870 Hartmann suffered from severe kidney disease and was increasingly confined to bed. His son Ludo Moritz therefore had intensive contact with his father and with the numerous visitors and guests until he was seven. The Hartmann family frequented bankers, writers, scientists, doctors, artists and university professors, including the Reich German politician and MP Ludwig Bamberger , the surgeon Theodor Billroth , the historian of philosophy Theodor Gomperz , the legal historian Adolf Exner and the historian Heinrich Friedjung .

The most important works by Hartmann included the volumes of poetry Chalice and Sword (1845) and Newer Poems (1846), the novellas Tales of an Unstable (1858) and After Nature (1866) as well as the novels The War for the Forest (1850) and The Diamonds the baroness (1868). The revolutionary satire rhyming chronicle of the priest Maurizius (1849) was one of his greatest successes and brought him quick fame. In it he castigated the Austrian reaction and dealt with the dissatisfaction with the Frankfurt National Assembly and the burgeoning Hungarian struggle for freedom.

Hartmann's life and his mostly political poetry attest to values ​​such as loyalty to principles, courage, conscientiousness, a humanitarian idea of ​​freedom and belief in historical progress. Hartmann stands for the fight against oppression, on the state side through absolutism and the police state of Metternich, which made the writers and poets persecuted with the means of censorship, and on the church side through the Catholic official church. Through his marriage to Bertha Roediger, whose family was equally bourgeois-liberal ( Friedrich Siegmund Jucho ), he remained true to his past as a forty-eight. His friends included Leopold Kompert, Josephine von Wertheimstein and their sister Mina Gomperz, the Josef Breuer family , Maximilian Schlesinger, the Swabian democrat Karl Mayer , the astronomer Adolphe Hirsch from Neuchâtel, as well as his former comrade from the Paulskirche and later minister Johann Nepomuk Berger .

After Moritz Hartmann's death, the 33-year-old widow took care of the son's upbringing alone, supported by two co-guardians, Ludwig Bamberger and the Viennese banker Leopold von Lieben, at the deceased's request.

Works (selection)

Poetry

  • Chalice and Sword , 1845
  • Recent poems , 1847
  • Timeless , 1858

Novels, short stories, short stories

  • The war for the forest , novel, 1850
  • Shadows , Tales, 1851
  • Tales of an Unsteady Man , 1858
  • After nature , short stories, 1866
  • The last days of a king , historical novella, 1866
  • The Baroness's Diamonds , Roman, 1868
  • The castle in the mountains . In: German Novellenschatz . Edited by Paul Heyse and Hermann Kurz. Vol. 11. 2nd ed. Berlin, [1910], pp. [221] -262. In: Weitin, Thomas (Ed.): Fully digitized corpus. The German Novellenschatz . Darmstadt / Konstanz, 2016 ( digitized and full text in the German text archive )

Satires

  • Rhyming chronicle of Pfaffen Maurizius , Frankfurt am Main 1849 ( digitized version )

Travel reports

  • Diary from Languedoc and Provence , 1853

Stage plays

  • Equal and equal , comedy in two acts

Work editions

  • Moritz Hartmann's Collected Works , ed. by Ludwig Bamberger and Wilhelm Vollmer , 10 vols., Stuttgart: Cotta 1873–1874
  • Moritz Hartmann's Collected Works , ed. by Otto Wittner, Prague 1906–1907
    • Volume 1: Moritz Hartmann's life and works , first part, The Vormärz and the Revolution , Prague 1906 ( digitized version )
    • Volume 2: Moritz Hartmann's Life and Works , Part Two , Exile and Homecoming , Prague 1907

literature

Web links

Commons : Moritz Hartmann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Moritz Hartmann  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Fellner, Günter (1985): Ludo Moritz Hartmann and the Austrian history. Basics of a paradigmatic conflict - Vienna, Salzburg: Geyer, p. 101
  2. ↑ Ludo Moritz Hartmann, The memory of the mother. In memory of Bertha Hartmann recorded for her friends by her son , Vienna, in the self-published by the author, 1917, p. 3 f.
personal data
SURNAME Hartmann, Moritz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian journalist, writer and politician
DATE OF BIRTH October 15, 1821
PLACE OF BIRTH Dushnik , Bohemia
DATE OF DEATH May 13, 1872
Place of death Oberdöbling