Jan Szczepanik

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Jan Szczepanik

Jan Szczepanik (born June 13, 1872 in Rudniki near Mostyska , Austria-Hungary , today: Ukraine ; more likely: Krosno , Eastern Galicia , today: Poland ; † April 18, 1926 in Tarnów , Second Polish Republic ) was a Polish chemist and inventor.

Live and act

Szczepanik started out as a village school teacher in the village of Korczina , where he developed photographic equipment on his own in a kitchen laboratory . In 1895 he presented his unfinished draft of a television to the Austro-Hungarian War Ministry in Vienna , for the further development of which he was looking for funds in exchange for the release of the final version. Although not successful, the Boryslaw merchant Ludwig Kleinberg († October 23, 1920 in Vienna as a Polish citizen) became aware of Szczepanik and successfully offered himself as a sponsor and partner. From 1895 to 1898, Szczepanik built his machines in Aachen and Liège . In 1898 he moved to Kleinberg in Vienna , where he moved into  a central station at Ungargasse 12 for the implementation of his patents and designs and, on April 15, 1898, founded the company Société des inventions Jan Szczepanik & Cie. founded. As part of this company, he and Kleinberg also wanted to implement scientific research by third parties, including the work of Franciszek Dionizy Rychnowski de Welehrad (1850–1929), the discoverer of the eteroid / electroids / celestial fluid, in a branch workshop in Lemberg .

In 1898 Szczepanik entered into a partnership with Casimir Zeglen . Zeglen developed a bullet-resistant textile and tried to ensure mass production with the help of Szczepanik . The partnership broke up, however, when Szczepanik wanted to market Zeglen's patents on his own.

Around the turn of the century moved the already over one hundred employees operative society located (in a 1880 to 1906 existing building) at the Prager Straße  6-8 (now Radetzkystraße 27/01 and 01/25), Vienna Highway where the 4 February 1902 the Actiengesellschaft für Szczepanik's Textil-Industrie-Fabriks-Anstalt in Vienna was recorded as a branch of the Actiengesellschaft für Szczepanik's Textil-Industrie registered in Cracow on March 30, 1901 . The Szczepaniksche Anstalt in Wien-Landstrasse, however, came to a quick end: On December 1, 1903, the establishment of the liquidated stock corporation (and not the Société des inventions ) was sold for sale by court. The Société des inventions was dissolved in 1905, a second local company for Szczepanik's textile industry was closed at the beginning of 1906, the auction of eight Austrian and Hungarian textile patents on March 8, 1906 was unsuccessful.

Jan Szczepanik, a pioneer of color photography , color television and color film , gained increasing international recognition from around 1895. His inventions include the tel (el) ectroscope (an apparatus for reproducing images and sound, also: electric television ), announced in 1898 for the Paris 1900 World Exhibition , but never completed, and the photo sculptor (a device for copying sculptures). He developed a bulletproof fabric , a weaving process for the production of three-color photo grids and a sound recording and playback device. He also dealt with the construction of airplanes, helicopters and submarines.

The extraordinary popularity that Szczepanik enjoyed from the mid-1890s at the age of only 25 was primarily due to reports on the development of the telectroscope and the photographic processes in weaving. A disadvantage for the public reputation of the inventor was not only the unfulfilled promise to show the electric television as a highlight at the 1900 World Exhibition in Paris, but in particular the failure to complete it linked to the work of Thomas Edison (1847–1931) wanting machine . When the existential difficulties of his Viennese textile companies became known in 1903/04, Szczepanik attributed this, among other things, to his absences during the three years of military service imposed on him: Even in the position of a teacher (on leave ), Szczepanik would have performed a year of voluntary service that was favorable for his time management but the unwise decision to give up teaching altogether resulted in regular military service. What was decisive for the failure in the textile sector, however, was the fact that the initially celebrated production methods turned out to be too expensive and the use of Szczepanik patents for a fee came to a standstill. 1907 created Szczepanik together with Karl Hollborn (1862-1942), Dresden , in the area of Autochrome process , the Vera Color plate , 1924/25, he joined with a cinematographic apparatus for recording and reproducing natural colors before the audience.

Mark Twain called Szczepanik the "Austrian Edison", today he is considered the Polish Einstein .

Szczepanik retired to Tarnów during the First World War, where he was buried in the old Catholic cemetery in 1926.

literature

Web links

Commons : Jan Szczepanik  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rozmowa for Szczepanikiem. (…) Jan Szczepanik urodził się w Krośnie (…). In:  Kurjer Lwowski (Lemberger Courier) , No. 89/1898 (XVIth year), March 30, 1898, p. 2, column 2. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / klw. (Translation from Polish: Jan Szczepanik was born in Krosno… );
    Deaths. In:  Photographische Correspondenz , year 1926, September 30, 1926, No. 3/1926 (LXII. Year), p. 162. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / phc.
  2. ^ "Reichswehr":  The electric television. Conversion of light waves into electrical waves. In:  Linzer Volksblatt für Stadt und Land , No. 46/1898 (XXX. Year), February 26, 1898, p. 4, column 3 below. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / lvb.
  3. ↑ Little Chronicle. (...) The inventor of the telectroscope. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 12073/1898, April 3, 1898, p. 5, center right. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp.
  4. ↑ Little Chronicle. (...) The Polish Edison. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 12148/1898, June 19, 1898, p. 6, column 1. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp.
  5. ^ Company minutes. (…) In the register for corporate companies. (…) Société des inventions Jan Szczepanik & Cie .. In:  Allgemeine Österreichische Rechts -Zeitung , Supplement Official Journal , No. 26/1898, June 25, 1898, p. 87, column 2. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / aog.
  6. ^ Jan Szczepanik. (With illustration). In:  Illustrirte Rundschau , No. 34/1901 (XII. Volume), December 1, 1901, p. 6. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / dil.
  7. ↑ Franz Dyonis Rychnowski de Welehrad: The essence of electricity and the problem of solar radiation . Lemberg 1923. - (Online at ALO ).
  8. ↑ Little Chronicle. (...) A newly discovered power. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 12084/1898, April 15, 1898, p. 5, bottom left. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp.
  9. ↑ Sławomir Łotysz: Tailored to the Times: The Story of Casimir Zeglen's Silk Bullet-Proof Vest in: Arms & Armor , Vol. 11 No. 2, autumn 2014 [1]
  10. ^ Company minutes. In:  Wiener Zeitung , Supplement Official Journal , No. 33/1901, February 9, 1902, p. 154, column 1 below. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrz.
  11. ^ W — r .:  The end of the Szczepanik Institute. In:  Wiener Freie Photographen-Zeitung , year 1904, No. 2/1904, p. 17, column 1. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / fpz.
  12. ↑ a b Small messages. The end of photography in the weaving mill. In:  Wiener Freie Photographen-Zeitung , year 1906, No. 3/1906, p. 31 f. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / fpz.
  13. ^ Electrical transmission of photographs, etc. A new problem in television. In:  W (iene) r Freie Photographen-Zeitung , year 1898, No. 4/1898, p. 58 f. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / fpz;
    Electrical transmission of photographs, etc. A new problem in television. In:  W (iene) r Freie Photographen-Zeitung , year 1898, No. 5/1898, p. 75. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / fpz.
  14. ^ Jan Szczepanik, Ludwig Kleinberg:  The Telelectroscope. Electrical transmission of photographs etc. In:  W (iene) r Freie Photographen-Zeitung , year 1898, No. 6/1898, p. 90 ff. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / fpz;
    Jan Szczepanik, Ludwig Kleinberg:  The telelectroscope. Electrical transmission of photographs etc. (end). In:  W (iene) r Freie Photographen-Zeitung , year 1898, No. 7/1898, p. 106 ff. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / fpz;
    Telectroscope. In:  Photographische Correspondenz , year 1898, No. 451/1898 (XXXV. Year), pp. 216–219. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / phc.
  15. ↑ Paul E (Duard) Liesegang (1838-1896): problems of today . Volume 1: Contributions to the problem of electrical television . Liesegang, Düsseldorf 1891, OBV .
  16. ↑ a b deaths. In:  Photographische Correspondenz , year 1926, September 30, 1926, No. 3/1926 (LXII. Year), p. 162 f. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / phc.
  17. ↑ Solveig Grothe: A picture and its story. Shoot! In: spiegel.de , August 29, 2017, accessed on September 11, 2017.
  18. ↑ a b (Eduard) Kuchinka (1878–1930):  Photography in the service of weaving. In:  Photographische Correspondenz , year 1919, No. 709/1919 (LVI. Year), p. 321. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / phc.
  19. ↑ Economics. (…) Szczepanik's inventions. In:  Neues Wiener Journal , No. 2021/1899 (Volume VII), June 10, 1899, p. 8, bottom center. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nwj.
  20. ^ Sch .: The joint-stock company for Szczepanik's textile industry factory in Vienna  - Internet Archive . In: R (ichard) Neuhauss (Hrsg.): Photographische Rundschau and photographisches Centralblatt . Wilhelm Knapp, Halle a. P. 1904, p. 207.
  21. ↑ How to become a one-year volunteer and reserve officer in the Austro-Hungarian Army (...). In:  Danzer's Army-Zeitung , No. 43/1900 (5th year), October 25, 1900, p. 11, column 1. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / add.
  22. ^ H (einrich) Spanuth , R (ichard) Hohnhold:  Recording and playback apparatus for cinematography in natural colors according to Szczepanik. In:  Photographische Correspondenz , year 1925, no. 743/1925 (LXI. Year), pp. 12-21. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / phc.
  23. ^ Samuel L. Clemens (d. I. Mark Twain): The Austrian Edison Keeping School Again . (English). In: accuracyproject.org , accessed on September 10, 2017.
  24. ↑ City Office of Krosno (Red.): Famous residents. (...) Jan Szczepanik (1872–1926) . . In: krosno.pl/de/ , accessed on September 10, 2017.
personal data
SURNAME Szczepanik, Jan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish chemist and inventor
DATE OF BIRTH June 13, 1872
PLACE OF BIRTH Rudniki near Mostyska
DATE OF DEATH April 18, 1926
Place of death Tarnów