Krosno

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Krosno
Coat of arms of Krosno
Krosno (Poland)
Krosno
Krosno
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Subcarpathian
Powiat : District-free city
Geographic location : 49 ° 41 ′  N , 21 ° 45 ′  E Coordinates: 49 ° 41 ′ 15 ″  N , 21 ° 45 ′ 19 ″  E
Height : 260 m npm
Residents : 46,369
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 38-400 to 38-411
Telephone code : (+48) 13
License plate : RK
Economy and Transport
Street : E 371 Rzeszów - Prešov ( SK )
DK28 Sanok - Przemyśl
Next international airport : Rzeszów-Jasionka
Gmina
Gminatype: city
Surface: 43.48 km²
Residents: 46,369
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 1066 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 1861011
Administration (as of 2007)
City President : Piotr Przytocki
Address: ul. Lwowska 28 A
38-400 Krosno
Website : www.krosno.pl



Krosno is an independent city in south-eastern Poland in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship .

Geography and location

Krosno is located in the south of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship on the Wisłok River . The border with Slovakia runs about 40 kilometers south of the city and that with Ukraine about 85 kilometers east.

Neighboring municipalities Krosnos are Korczyna in the northeast, Krościenko Wyżne in the east, Miejsce Piastowe in the southeast, Chorkówka in the southwest, Jedlicze in the west, and Wojaszówka in the northwest.

history

Early and Middle Ages

Already 1600 to 1400 BC There was an early Bronze Age settlement on the site of today's Krosno . Later, around the 2nd century BC. Chr. During the La Tene period who settled Celts on the site of the present town. From the 10th century , the Slavs settled here permanently.

Allegedly in 1282 Krosno was mentioned by the Kraków prince Leszek Czarny as one of the estates of the Lubusz diocese . At that time there was already a wooden sewer pipe that emptied into the Wisłok River. The sewer pipe is the second oldest in Poland after the one in Poznan . However, it was mentioned in 1282 as Krossen by some historians, e.g. BJ Matuszewski, who believed it was a fake. Because of this, the state affiliation of Krosno is unclear at this time, but the Polish-Ruthenian border was most likely west of Krosno. With the expansion of Poland into Galicia by Casimir the Great , Krosno became part of the kingdom. The first reliable mention of Crosno comes from 1358 (copy: 1524). The city's name is likely topographical and denotes uneven, hilly land.

The first sacred building was erected around 1300 . In 1342 a parish was founded and the construction of the parish church began. Approximately at this time that the award of the fall town charter by Casimir the Great to Magdeburg Law . After Adam Carnival , the city was founded on the basis of the four older ethnically Polish villages: Białobrzegi , Krościenko Niżne , Suchodół and Głowienka . In 1367 there was the first reference to the construction of a city ​​fortification . The first town hall was also built in the 14th century. During this time, immigrant German settlers formed a large part of the population (as well as a forest German language island, including Korczyna , Kombornia , Krościenko Niżne, Krościenko Wyżne , Haczów ). In 1459 the city was mentioned in German Stat Crossen… Crosse .

In 1403 the butcher's guild received its statutes. This document is one of the oldest guild documents in Poland. Ten years later there were already two schools in the city. During this time, the manufacture of cotton fabrics and barchents became an important industry. 1460 was in Zawodzie the Church of Sts. Adalbert of Prague ( Święty Wojciech ) built. In 1461 Casimir IV allowed the city to build a wooden aqueduct. It was one of the first urban lines in Poland. It diverted the water from the Lubatówka River and remained in operation until the beginning of the 19th century . In 1473 and 1474 the city was attacked by Hungarians who were successfully repulsed. In 1482 a plague raged and in 1500 a big fire in Krosno, which probably also destroyed the town hall.

Early modern age

Krosno in the 19th century

The city's heyday was in the 16th century. It developed into an important trading center , especially for cloth and Hungarian wine . A new town hall was built at the beginning of the 16th century and the Lutheran church around 1530 . As one of the few cities in Poland, Krosno was surrounded by a double city wall, and in the 1530s the construction of the outer ramparts in the south and west began. In 1559 Sigismund II approved the importation of goods from Hungary and the holding of a third annual fair . In 1614 the Jesuits established a prestigious college in the city. In 1638 a severe fire raged. The church was rebuilt between 1638 and 1646. In 1656 Johann II Casimir stayed in Krosno and called on the farmers of the area to support the Swedish-Polish war .

A decline began in the 18th century. In 1753, Capuchins founded a monastery outside the city. In 1764 the town charter was confirmed by Stanislaus II August . As a result of the First Partition of Poland , Krosno fell to Austria in 1772 . In 1773 the Jesuit College was closed and a year later a state high school was built in its place. In 1818 a fire destroyed the town hall, among other things.

Modern until 1945

1854, the inventor who founded kerosene lamp Ignacy Lukasiewicz with two companions near Krosno in Bóbrka the first oil mine in the world. The oil was drawn from 30 to 50 m deep, manually dug shafts. A little later, shafts were driven to a depth of 150 m.

In 1867 Krosno became a district town. Most of the Franciscan church was destroyed during a fire in 1872 . Two years later, a credit association ( Towarzystwo Zaliczka ) was founded. In 1884 Krosno was connected to the rail network and was thus connected to Hussjatyn ( Husiatyn ) and Zwardoń . Three years later a school for weavers opened in town.

In 1900 the Realschule, today the I. Gymnasium ( I. liceum ), opened. A year later, the first Polish watch factory was opened by Michał Mięsowicz , and it lasted until 1938. In 1905 an oil refinery was built and made Krosno an important center of the petrochemical industry . In 1914 the first power station went into operation.

In the same year the First World War broke out, during which the city was occupied several times by Russian and Austrian troops. In 1918 Krosno became part of the resurrected state of Poland.

In the same year the construction of a cleaning shop and a linen weaving mill was permitted. In 1919 the construction of gas pipelines began. In 1920, with the construction of a glassworks, Krosno began to rise to become the largest glass industry center in Poland. The glassworks now operates under the name of Krośnieńskie Huty Szkła Krosno (Krosno Glassworks). The airfield was opened in 1932 and six years later the flying school was relocated from Bydgoszcz ( Bromberg ) to Krosno.

With the beginning of the Second World War , the Wehrmacht reached the city on September 6, 1939 and occupied it. On September 1, 1944, the city was liberated by the Red Army .

Since 1945

In 1945 the state factory for agricultural machines and a workshop for gliders were built, the school for petrochemicals reopens.

On June 30, 1975, the city became the seat of the Krosno Voivodeship through administrative reform .

On June 10, 1997 Pope John Paul II visited the city. At the mass on the airfield, John was canonized by Dukla . The churches of St. John of Dukla and St. Peter were blessed .

In 1999 a new administrative reform took place, with the Krosno Voivodeship dissolved. Krosno was now an independent city ( miasto na prawach powiatu ) and part of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship.

In 1999, a university of applied sciences was established in Krosno , offering six-semester courses up to a diploma or bachelor's degree in various engineering sciences, agriculture, nursing, tourism, sports and translators into German, English and Russian.

Archaeological excavations in the city that began in 1999 led to significant discoveries. Among other things, references to settlements in the Bronze Age were found.

With financial support from the German-Polish Reconciliation Foundation , a modern sewage treatment plant went into operation on September 10, 2000.

Incorporations

In 1399, the village of Szczepańcowa Wola , whose previous owner was Władysław Jagiełło, was incorporated into the city. The village of Guzikówka became part of the city in 1867. In 1924 the villages Krościenko Niżne and Białobrzegi are incorporated. Suchodół became part of the city in 1958 and Polanka in 1966 . Turaszówka followed in 1972

Population development

year 16th century 1995 2000 2005
population 4,000 49,400 48,890 48,060

Town twinning

  • Edewecht , Germany - First contacts between the two cities took place in the mid-1990s. The official partnership agreement was signed on June 20, 1996. The city of Edewecht advised Krosno on the construction of the sewage treatment plant, among other things.
  • Zalaegerszeg , Hungary - The preliminary partnership agreement was signed on October 22, 1999. The final partnership agreement was signed on May 3, 2000.
  • Karcag , Hungary - since 2004
  • Uzhhorod , Ukraine - since 2008
  • Marl , Germany - since 2015

Culture and sights

The public district library was opened in 1947, the city library followed in 1949. Both libraries were combined in 1954. With the administrative reform of 1975, the library became a voivodship library . With the dissolution of the voivodeship, the library became the Krosnos Public Library again.

"Karpackie Klimaty" glass in Krosno. The Pre-Carpathian Tricity ( Sanok -Krosno- Jasło )

Museums

  • The Muzeum Podkarpackie (Subcarpathian Museum) opened in 1954, when it was still a local museum .
  • The Muzeum Rzemiosła (Handicraft Museum ) opened in 1989.
  • The Muzeum Misyjne (Mission Museum ), which opened on December 14, 2002.
  • The Muzeum Motoryzacji (Vehicle Museum ) has existed since 1991.

Buildings

  • The Parish Church of the Trinity - The church dates from the 14th century, its interior from the Baroque .
  • The Capuchin Monastery
  • The Franciscan Monastery
  • The Jesuit College
  • The market square - the square existed long before the city charter was granted. The bailiff's building used to be at the western end of the market and a town hall at the eastern end. Both buildings were discovered during excavations in 1999/2000.
  • The city ​​wall from the 14th century

Natural monuments

  • The rock reserve "Przadki" in Czarnorzeki - a group of sandstone rocks. According to a legend, the rocks were created by a curse on three sisters who worked on Sundays.

Sports

In Krosno there is a football stadium with a speedway track . Furthermore, a stadium for athletics, a swimming pool open all year round, a swimming pool open in summer, tennis courts. About 20 kilometers from Krosno in Czarnorzeki there is a ski lift with suitable winter sports.

Regular events

Twice a year there is a meeting of musicians in Krosno. A theater meeting takes place every autumn .

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Landesstraße 28 runs through the city, and Europastraße 371 is five kilometers away . The city also has an airfield with a runway of 1100 m length. This is mainly used by the flight school and for sporting events.

Established businesses

There are about 5,000 companies in Krosno. The city has a customs office . The glass production in Krosno is the most important in Poland. The Krośnieńskie Huty Szkła (Krosno Glassworks) is the largest company with 4,300 employees and has existed since 1923. Furthermore, the oil industry is of great importance to the city. Oil was extracted here 150 years ago and oil has remained an important branch of the economy ever since.

In 1994 the American company Delphi Corporation opened an assembly plant for automotive components in Krosno.

Personalities

Web links

Commons : Krosno  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b c Władysław Makarski, Stosunki etniczno-językowe regionu krośnieńsko sanockiego przed połową wieku XIV w świetle danych onomastycznych [Ethnic and Linguistic Relation in the Krosno and Sanok Region] [in: Before Century in the Light of the Light of the Mid-14th] Późne średniowiecze w Karpatach polskich. red. Prof. Jan Gancarski. Krosno, 2007, p. 46, ISBN 978-83-60545-57-7
  3. ↑ Kodeks Dyplomatyczny Małopolski, Volume III, p. 117.
  4. ↑ a b Kazimierz Rymut , Barbara Czopek-Kopciuch: Nazwy miejscowe Polski: historia, pochodzenie, zmiany . 5 (Ko-Ky). Polska Akademia Nauk . Instytut Języka Polskiego, Kraków 2003, p. 1 (Polish, online ).