Heinrich Schulz

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Heinrich Schulz

Heinrich Schulz (born September 12, 1872 in Bremen , † September 4, 1932 in Berlin ) was a German reform pedagogue and politician ( SPD ). He is considered to be the pioneer of shorthand in the form of the "Deutsche Einheitskurzschrift" (DEK).

biography

Early years

Schulz grew up in Bremen- Gröpelingen . He graduated from elementary and secondary school and attended the Bremen teacher training college from 1889 to 1892 . At first he was a teacher at a private secondary school in Bremen. In 1893 he completed a year of military service in Leipzig . In 1894 he went to Berlin as a freelance writer.

Political work

Schulz joined the SPD in 1892. In 1894 he became a teacher and in 1895 chairman of the social democratic workers' training school in Berlin. At the same time he was active in the party press service of the SPD and deputy chairman of the Free Volksbühne Berlin . From 1897 to 1901 he was editor-in-chief of the tribune and until 1902 Volksstimme in Erfurt . From 1901 to 1906 he worked again in Bremen as head of the Bremer Bürgerzeitung . In 1905 he founded the education committee of the union cartel.

Schulz worked from 1906 to 1919 as managing director of the central education committee of the SPD. After he was originally assigned to the left wing of the party around Rosa Luxemburg , he joined the positions of Friedrich Ebert in the First World War . From 1919 he was a member of the SPD party executive, from 1919 chairman of the Central Office for Working Youth , later the "Association of Workers' Youth Associations of Germany", and chairman of the "Reich Committee for Socialist Educational Work".

During the First World War, Schulz served in Namur , Belgium . After his discharge from military service in November 1918, he was employed by Friedrich Ebert as his personal advisor, managing director of the Reich Chancellery and liaison to the Reich and state authorities.

In the twenties he was chairman of the “ Working Group of Social Democratic Teachers ” and head of the “ Socialist Cultural Association ”.

MP

From 1912 to 1918 Schulz was a member of the Reichstag , where he represented the constituency of Erfurt 4. From 1919 to 1920 he was a member of the Weimar National Assembly and then again a member of the Reichstag until 1930 . He was Vice-President of the National Assembly, but resigned from this office on July 14, 1919 after his appointment as Undersecretary of State .

Public offices

Schulz was from 1919 to 1927 Undersecretary of State and from 1920 State Secretary for School and Education Issues in the Reich Ministry of the Interior . In this capacity he was the head of the cultural department and from 1919 to 1924 was in charge of the unification negotiations for the creation of a "German Unified Shorthand" (DEK) (see shorthand ).

On behalf of the Reich President he was involved in 1919 as negotiator of the SPD in the drafting of the Weimar school compromise . He was the initiator of the Reich school conference attended by 1920 at a total of 650 school experts from various educational, political and religious directions. There, as State Secretary, he primarily campaigned for the creation of a single school , but failed because of the educational sovereignty of the German states as well as the ideas of the coalition partners who wanted to maintain the tripartite school system ( DDP and DVP ) or the denominational schools ( Center Party ) . In 1926 he founded a. a. from Max Liebermann , Gustav Pauli , Emil Waldmann the German Art Association for needy artists. He retired in March 1927.

Death and grave

Heinrich Schulz died on September 4, 1932 in Berlin, just a week before his 60th birthday. He was buried in the Heerstraße cemetery in Charlottenburg (today's district of Berlin-Westend ). The grave has not been preserved.

family

His son was the member of the Bundestag Klaus-Peter Schulz .

Publications

  • Social Democracy and School . Vorwärts bookstore, Berlin 1907.
  • The school reform of the social democracy . Kaden & Compagnie , Dresden 1911.
  • Worker Culture and War . Vorwärts bookstore, Berlin 1916.
  • Little Jan. A year in his life (with drawings by Traugott Schalcher ). Vorwärts bookstore, Berlin 1920.
  • Why unit shorthand? Heymann, Berlin 1925.
  • Politics and Education: A Hundred Years of Worker Education . JHW Dietz Nachf., Berlin 1931.
  • On the 150th birthday of Heinrich Pestalozzi. The New Time, Stuttgart 1896.
  • Do you belong to us? Vorwärts bookstore, Berlin 1913.
  • Pictures from the war in 1914. In: Bundesarchiv Nachlaß Löbe; N 2178.
  • The school after the war. 1915 in: The Workers in the New Germany.
  • Worker Culture and War. Vorwärts bookstore, Berlin 1916.
  • The quarrel over the cinema. In: Die Glocke, Issue 23 of September 7, 1918, 4th year. 1st vol., P. 728 ff.
  • School reform and social democracy. Schmidt, Berlin 1919.
  • Foreword to the volume: The Reich School Conference 1920. Quelle & Meyer, Berlin 1921.
  • The way to the Reich School Act. Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig 1920.
  • From my four stakes. Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig around 1921.
  • The mother as an educator. Advice for home education. (8th ed.); Dietz, Berlin 1923.
  • Jan Kiekindiwelt. A year from his life. Dietz Nachf., Berlin 1924.
  • The ordeal of the Reich School Law. Dietz Nachf., Berlin 1926.
  • Church school or elementary school 1927 . Dietz Nachf., Berlin 1927.

Honors

Heinrich Schulz Library Berlin-Charlottenburg

literature

  • Gerhard Schreiber: Heinrich Schulz. His ideological and political standpoint at the party congress of the Social Democratic Party in Mannheim in 1906 . In: Pedagogy . Born 1957, issue 2, pages 110–118.
  • Heinrich Schulz . In: Franz Osterroth : Biographical Lexicon of Socialism . Volume 1: Deceased Personalities. Verlag JHW Dietz Nachf. GmbH, Hanover 1960, pp. 277-279.
  • Hinrich Wulff : Heinrich Schulz. 1872-1932. A life in the field of tension between education and politics. In: Bremisches Jahrbuch , Volume 48, Bremen 1962.
  • Johannes Schenk : On the political and educational position of Heinrich Schulz in the November Revolution of 1918 . In: Yearbook for educational and school history . Berlin 1964.
  • Hans-Wolf Butterhof: Knowledge and Power: Contradictions in Social Democratic Education Policy in Harkort, Liebknecht and Schulz . Ehrenwirth, Munich 1978.
  • Frank Neumann: Heinrich Schulz and the social democratic education policy in Wilhelmine Germany 1893-1906 . Dissertation University of Marburg, 1980.
  • Peter Braune: The failed unified school. Heinrich Schulz. Party soldier between Rosa Luxemburg and Friedrich Ebert . Karl Dietz Verlag, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-320-02056-0
  • Martin Schumacher (Hrsg.): MdR The Reichstag members of the Weimar Republic in the time of National Socialism. Political persecution, emigration and expatriation, 1933–1945. A biographical documentation . 3rd, considerably expanded and revised edition. Droste, Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-7700-5183-1 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rudolf Vierhaus , Ludolf Herbst (ed.), Bruno Jahn (collaborator): Biographical manual of the members of the German Bundestag. 1949-2002. Vol. 2: N-Z. Attachment. KG Saur, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-598-23782-0 , p. 795.
  2. ^ Hans-Jürgen Mende : Lexicon of Berlin burial places . Pharus-Plan, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1 . P. 495.
personal data
SURNAME Schulz, Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (SPD), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH September 12, 1872
PLACE OF BIRTH Bremen
DATE OF DEATH September 4, 1932
Place of death Berlin