Gustav Pauli

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Max Slevogt : Portrait of Gustav Pauli , 1924, Hamburger Kunsthalle

Gustav Pauli ( Theodor Gustav Pauli ; born February 2, 1866 in Bremen , † July 8, 1938 in Munich ) was a German art historian and museum director in Bremen and Hamburg .

biography

Pauli was the son of Bremen's mayor and senator Alfred Pauli (1827–1915), who was also responsible for the preservation of monuments and art in Bremen. In 1896 Gustav Pauli and Magda Melchers , daughter of the wealthy Bremen businessman Karl Theodor Melchers, married. Magda, a soulful and musically inclined woman, adored her husband, who is described as cool.

The marriage had four children: The first child was the art historian and art dealer Alfred Pauli (1896–1938). One daughter died in 1898 immediately after giving birth. The daughter Liselotte (1902–1931) committed suicide because of a leg amputation after a traffic accident, as did the son Alfred, as a result of a preliminary investigation opened against him in 1938 in Hamburg for alleged "homosexual bundling". The youngest son, the businessman and first lieutenant Carl Theodor (1914-1944), died on December 24, 1944 as a passenger on board an He 111 when it was shot down over Belgium.

Pauli graduated from high school in Bremen and studied art history at the University of Strasbourg , the University of Leipzig and the University of Basel . He undertook a study trip to Italy , Belgium and Holland , received his doctorate in Leipzig in 1889 on the Renaissance buildings in Bremen and then traveled again to Italy ( Rome ). After a spa stay in Switzerland, Pauli worked as a librarian at the Dresden Kupferstichkabinett from 1894/95 .

In Bremen

Kunsthalle Bremen

In the summer of 1899, when the Kunstverein in Bremen was planning the extension from 1902, Pauli was appointed as the first research assistant at the Kunsthalle Bremen and, after several years on the board, became director there in 1905. He turned the Kunsthalle into a gallery of modern art, acquired paintings by Paula Modersohn-Becker, who was then completely unrecognized, and paintings by French and German Impressionists , including Camille by Claude Monet , Zacharie Astruc by Édouard Manet and paintings by Gustave Courbet , Pierre-Auguste Renoir , Camille Pissarro , Max Liebermann , Lovis Corinth and Max Slevogt . The Bremen artist dispute among painters and museum people all over Germany was triggered by the purchase of the poppy field from van Gogh in 1911 . The Bremen painter and poet Arthur Fitger was one of his greatest critics.

In 1899 Pauli founded the Association of Friends of the Kunsthalle , whose members supported the purchase of new acquisitions with their annual contributions of 100 marks. During his time in 1904, the gallery association was founded , which bought many important works. His successor in Bremen in 1914 was Emil Waldmann .

In Hamburg

Kunsthalle Hamburg

In 1914 Pauli was appointed director of the Hamburger Kunsthalle to succeed the late Alfred Lichtwark . Pauli had the collection of the Kupferstichkabinett scientifically processed. The First World War initially delayed his plans. He expanded the collection to include Expressionist artists such as Oskar Kokoschka and Franz Marc . In 1923 the lecture hall between the old and new buildings of the art gallery was completed. At his long-standing instigation, the founding meeting of the Friends of the Kunsthalle in Hamburg took place here in 1923 ; In addition to Carl Petersen as chairman, Pauli was deputy chairman until 1933. In the first year after it was founded, the association was able to gain 3680 members.

Because of his commitment to modernism, he was dismissed by the National Socialists for political reasons in September 1933 , after they had previously given him leave. Nevertheless his name is Prof. Dr. G. Pauli on the confession of the professors at the German universities and colleges to Adolf Hitler on November 11, 1933.

Gustav Pauli died in Munich in 1938. He was buried in the Riensberg cemetery in Bremen (grid square T 0631A).

Honors

  • The Gustav-Pauli-Platz in Bremen- Schwachhausen was named after him 1957th

Publications

  • Gainsborough, artist's monograph . Published by Velhagen & Klasing, Bielefeld, Leipzig, 1904.
  • Venice , No. 2, 3rd revised edition. Publishing house EU Seemann, Leipzig 1906.
  • Philipp Otto Runge. Images and Confessions . Edited and introduced by Gustav Pauli. Furche-Verlag, Berlin, 1918
  • Art and the Revolution , Bruno Cassirer Verlag, Berlin, 1921
  • Alfred Lichtwark, Letters to the Commission for the Administration of the Kunsthalle , edited by Gustav Pauli, Verlag Georg Westermann, Hamburg, 1923
  • "Guide through the gallery of the Kunsthalle Hamburg - I. The New Masters", publishing house of the "Friends of the Kunsthalle". eV to Hamburg, 1924
  • The Hamburg Art Gallery 1914-1924 . Report on the last ten years of administration, Trautmann Verlag, Hamburg, 1925
  • The Hamburg masters of the good old days , Hyperion Verlag, Munich, 1925
  • The art of classicism and romanticism , Propylaeen Verlag, Berlin, 1925
  • Gustav Pauli on his 65th birthday on February 2, 1931 . (Presented by friends of Gustav Pauli) Hamburg 1931
  • Paula Modersohn-Becker , Kurt Wolff Verlag Leipzig 1919, online
  • Memories from seven decades , Wunderlich Verlag, Tübingen, 1936

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bernd W. Seiler: It began in Lesmona - On the trail of a love story in Bremen. (PDF) Chapter 5 - The fates of Magda's children. P. 121ff. , accessed on February 26, 2017 : "An aircraft [..] was supposed to take some people with it on the return flight to the Zellhausen naval air base near Aschaffenburg, including him as a companion of his boss Breithaupt. [...] According to the naval notice, an Allied night fighter [...] shot it down over Belgium. The pilot and the radio operator managed to jump off and survive, the eight passengers were killed. [...] Magda [...] couldn't come to terms with it for a long time. [...] It was only in the mid-1950s that the War Graves Commission was able to prove that Madga and her daughter-in-law had found the Belgian military cemetery where the dead found in the plane wreck were anonymously buried. "
  2. ↑ http://grabsteine.genealogy.net/tomb.php?cem=135&tomb=3071&b=M

See also

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Pauli, Gustav
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pauli, Theodor Gustav (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German art historian and museum director in Bremen and Hamburg
DATE OF BIRTH February 2, 1866
PLACE OF BIRTH Bremen
DATE OF DEATH July 8, 1938
Place of death Munich