Manuel Pando Fernández de Pinedo

Manuel de Pando

Manuel Pando Fernández de Pinedo , Marquis ( Marqués ) de Miraflores y de Pontejos, Count ( Conde ) de Villapaterna y de la Ventosa (born December 22, 1792 in Madrid ; † February 20, 1872 ibid) was a Spanish historian, politician and Prime Minister Spain ( Presidente del Gobierno ) .

biography

Youth, the War of Independence and the rule of Ferdinand VII.

The son of an influential nobleman from the Vizcaya became a page of King Charles IV in 1801 at the age of nine . After the death of his older brother, he inherited the family titles. After studying agriculture and industry, he became the founder of a large agricultural estate in Daimiel in the province of Ciudad Real .

During the War of Independence , he took part in the uprising of May 2, 1808 ( Levantamiento del dos de mayo ). He later had to flee from Madrid to Cádiz with his entire family after his father was appointed constitutional mayor of Madrid between 1812 and 1813 during the rule of the French occupation forces under Joseph Bonaparte . The following year he married a niece of Conde de Floridablancas, long-time Minister of State to the kings Charles III. and Charles IV.

In his work "Memorial de Miraflores" , which was commissioned by the Infante Antonio Pascual de Borbón , he dealt with the situation at that time and advised the reinstated King Ferdinand VII not to recognize the constitution of Cádiz of 1812, to convene Parliament ( Cortes ) immediately to unite all loyal politicians under the power of the Crown and to pass a general amnesty for all political crimes.

After the revolution of January 1820 , he took part as a member of the National Guard ( Milicia National ) in several combat operations under the command of Rafael del Riego . By leaving the National Guard in 1822, however, he avoided criminal prosecution during the last ten years of Ferdinand VII's rule, the so-called "Ominous Decade" ( Década Ominosa ) from 1823 to 1833.

Rule of Isabella II, Prime Minister and last years of life

Only after the death of Ferdinand VII on September 29, 1833 and the subsequent reign of Isabella II under the initial reign of her mother Maria Christina of Sicily , did he resume his political activities.

In 1834 and 1838 he was the Plenipotentiary Envoy in London to request the support of England during the First Carlist War . In fact, he succeeded in negotiating the four-party alliance ( Cuádruple Alianza ) between Spain, France, Portugal and Great Britain, which, among other things, provided for the dispatch of expeditionary troops and thus faced the absolutist states of Russia , Austria-Hungary and Prussia , which were the pretenders to the throne Carlos María Isidro de Borbón based. At the same time, he was a member of the Senate as the Queen's representative in the legislative period from 1834 to 1835.

In the meantime he was president of the Estado de Próceres until the uprising of San Ildefonso in the summer of 1836 . In this capacity he recommended the military to intervene against the insurgents, but had to go into exile in France after the defeat of the Francesco Xavier de Isturiz government . During the electoral term from 1837 to 1838 he was again a member of the Senate as a representative of the Province of Ciudad Real.

After his return to Spain in 1838 he was immediately appointed envoy in Paris, where he supervised the captivity of the pretender Carlos de Borbón at Bourges Castle and the disarming of supporters of Carlism when crossing the border from France to Spain. During the reign of General Baldomero Espartero , his political influence initially declined again. In 1840 he was a representative of the province of Cuenca and then from 1844 to 1845 of the province of Barcelona again a member of the Senate. In the meantime, after the election of September 15, 1843, he was a member of parliament ( Congreso de los Diputados ) as a representative of the Barcelona constituency .

Finally he was appointed Senator for life ( Senador Vitalicio ) on November 25, 1845 because of his political merits . As such, he was President of the Senate for the first time from December 1845 to October 1846.

After Espartero fell and General Ramón María Narváez came to power , he finally returned to the political limelight and succeeded Narváez as Prime Minister of Spain on February 12, 1846 ( Presidente del Gobierno ) . However, his term of office only lasted until his replacement by Narváez on March 16, 1846. During this time he took over the office of Foreign Minister ( Ministro de Estado ) and temporarily that of Interior Minister ( Ministro de Gobernación ).

After the marriage of Queen Isabella II to Francisco de Asís María Fernando de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias on October 10, 1846, he became governor of the Royal Palace ( Gobernador de Palacio ) because of his high moral competence and integration, and as such was instrumental in it in defense of the Queen from domestic criticism.

From November 1847 to April 1851 he was again President of the Senate. On May 23, 1851 he was appointed foreign minister to the cabinet of Juan Bravo Murillo , of which he was until August 7, 1852. Due to his diplomatic experience, he again managed to get the support of England and France and their use of ships to fend off US ambitions to annex Cuba . In November 1852 he was again President of the Senate for a month.

After the resignation of Prime Minister Leopoldo O'Donnell , who had been in office for nearly five years , he became his successor on March 2, 1863. In his cabinet, which was in office until January 17, 1864, he was also foreign minister again and temporarily acting interior minister and colonial minister ( Ministro de Ultramar ) .

Most recently he was President of the Senate again from December 1867 to May 1868.

Writer and Awards

In addition to his political activities, he was also active as a writer and in particular as the author of books on Spanish history in the 19th century . For his literary services he was appointed to the Royal Historical Academy ( Real Academia de la Historia ) on July 5, 1850 . His works include, among others:

• "Apuntes histórico-críticos para escribir la historia de la revolución de España, desde el año 1820 hasta 1823" , 1834 (historical-critical remarks on the description of the history of the Spanish Revolution from 1820 to 1823)
• "Documentos a los que se hace referencia en los apuntes histórico-críticos sobre la Revolución de España" , 1834 (documents and references to the historical-critical notes describing the history of the Spanish Revolution from 1820 to 1823)
• "Memorias para escribir la historia contemporánea de los siete primeros años del reinado de Isabel II." , 1843 (Memories describing the contemporary history of the first seven years of Queen Isabella II's reign)
• "Luis Felipe de Orleans, último Rey de los franceses y su época" , 1851 ( Luis Felipe de Orleans , last king of the French and his epoch)
• "Pedro Téllez Girón, Príncipe de Anglona" , 1851 (Pedro Téllez Girón, Prince of Anglona)
• "De la reforma de la Constitución de 1845 verificada en 1857 y del Proyecto de Ley proponiendo la supresión de sus artículos 18 y 28 de aquella reforma" , 1864 (On the reform of 1857 of the constitution of 1845 and the proposed law to repeal Article 18 to 28 of that reform)
• "Vida política del marqués de Miraflores, escrita por él mismo" , 1865 (The political life of the Marqués de Miraflores. Autobiography)
• “ Francisco Javier Istúriz y Montero ” , 1871

He has been honored several times for his services and received among other awards:

• Knight ( Caballero ) of the Order of the Golden Fleece ( Orden del Toisón de Oro ) ( 1838 )
• Knight of the Legion of Honor ( Légion d'honneur ) (France)
• Knight of the Portuguese Order of Christ ( Ordem de Cristo )

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Web links

• Biography on the homepage of the Spanish Prime Ministers (Spanish) ( Memento from June 18, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
• The cabinets during the term of office of Isabella II (1843–1856 - Década Moderada)
• The Cabinets during the tenure of Isabella II (1856–1868 - La Unión Liberal)
• The governments of the Kingdom of Spain from 1833 to 1868 ( Memento of February 24, 2012 in the Internet Archive )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Spanish ambassadors in London from 1483 to 1900 ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
2. ↑ The treaty of the Alliance of Four of April 22, 1834 ( Memento of the original of January 11, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ^ The Senate between 1834 and 1923 - Senators , accessed June 7, 2017.
4. ↑ List of Members of Parliament from 1810 to 1977
5. ↑ The Senate and its Presidents 1834 to 1923 ( Memento from June 27, 2001 in the Internet Archive )
6. ↑ List of Foreign Ministers ( Memento of December 14, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
7. ↑ Members of the Royal Historical Academy ( Memento of the original from December 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 

predecessor	Office	successor
Ramón María Narváez	Prime Minister of Spain 1846	Ramón María Narváez
Leopoldo O'Donnell	Prime Minister of Spain 1863 - 1864	Lorenzo Arrazola García