Lorenzo Arrazola García

Lorenzo Arrazola y Garcia

Lorenzo Arrazola y Garcia (born August 10, 1797 in Checa , Guadalajara province , † February 23, 1873 in Madrid ) was a Spanish legal scholar , politician and President of Spain ( Presidente del Gobierno ) .

biography

Studies and professional career

Arrazola, who came from a poor background, was able to study philosophy and theology in a seminary with the support of an uncle, the bailiff of Checa . Before completing this degree, however, he began studying law , which he later completed with a doctorate in law . After completing his studies, he was appointed to the chair of law, philosophy and rhetoric at the University of Valladolid , of which he later also became rector . In 1835 he was appointed as litigation attorney ( Procurador ) of Valladolid .

Arrazola was also the twelve-volume "Enciclopedia Española de derecho" (Encyclopedia of Spanish Law) published between 1848 and 1870 , which was an important standard work on Spanish law at that time. However, at the end of the 1870 edition, the encyclopedia only included entries up to the letter C. He was also the author of the book "Prontuario de Filosofía para uso de la juventud" (Manual of Philosophy for the Young).

MP, Minister and President of the Supreme Court

He then began his political career on September 22, 1837 , when he was elected Member of Parliament ( Congreso de los Diputados ), where he initially represented the interests of the constituency of Valladolid for three electoral terms until February 1841. From the very first moment of his political activity he found his political basis in the ideology of the Partido Moderado . He was also a member of the Ateneo of Madrid .

After just one year of membership in parliament, he was appointed Minister for Appeals for Mercy and Justice ( Ministro de Gracia y Justicia ) on December 9, 1838, in the cabinet of Evaristo Pérez de Castro Brito , to which he was a member until July 20, 1840. During this time he was temporarily in May and from October to November 1839 also acting Minister of the Interior ( Ministro de Gobernación ). On September 3, 1844, he was re-elected as a member of parliament and was this time for two terms until August 1850 representative of the constituencies of Valladolid and Zamora . From February 13 to March 16, 1846, he was again a member of the cabinet of Manuel Pando Fernández de Pinedo as Minister for Appeals for Grace and Justice .

As Minister for Appeals for Mercy and Justice, he was from October 4, 1847 to January 14, 1851 in the fourth and fifth cabinets of Ramón María Narváez . His tenure as minister was only interrupted by Serafín María de Soto's interim cabinet from October 19-20, 1849, who had only been in office for twenty-seven hours . A major result of his ministerial work was the passing of the penal law of 1848 ( Codigo Penal ).

For his political services he was then appointed Senator for life ( Senador Vitalicio ) on December 23, 1848 by decree of Queen Isabella II .

Seat of the Supreme Court in Madrid

After resigning as Minister of Justice, he was then appointed President of the Supreme Court ( Tribunal Supremo ) in 1851 , which he initially chaired until 1853. Between 1856 and 1864 he was then again President of the Supreme Court. In between he worked as attorney general ( Procurador General ). During his tenure as President, the duties of the Chamber for Spanish East Indies ( Sala de Indias ) were transferred to the other two chambers by a royal decree of January 17, 1854 . However, after the revolution of 1868 ( La Gloriosa ) , this decision was reversed by the Provisional Law of 1870. On the other hand, there was an extensive reform of the Supreme Court in 1863: the reform of civil law cassatorial decisions , the introduction of criminal cassation courts and, in particular, the reorganization of the Supreme Court with a president, five vice-presidents, who presided over the now five chambers for civil and criminal law decisions , as well as 31 judges. This division still largely exists today.

District President and last years of life

After he had kept himself politically in the background for more than ten years, he was appointed President of Spain ( Presidente del Gobierno ) on January 17, 1864 and also took over the office of Foreign Minister (Ministro de Estado). However, his tenure only lasted until his replacement by Alejandro Mon Menéndez on March 1, 1864.

After Mon Menéndez was replaced on September 16, 1864, he was reappointed by his successor Narváez as Minister for Appeals for Mercy and Justice in his sixth cabinet, to which he was a member until June 21, 1865. During this time he was also acting colonial minister ( Ministro de Ultramar ) for a few days in September 1864 and foreign minister from April to May and June 1865.

On July 10, 1866, Narváez reappointed him as Minister for Appeals for Mercy and Justice in his seventh cabinet. On June 27, 1867, he was appointed Foreign Minister as part of a government reshuffle and held this office until the end of Narváez's term on April 23, 1868.

Honorary positions and awards

On May 21, 1832 he was appointed a member of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando ( Real Academia de la Purísima Concepción de Valladolid ).

On September 29, 1857 he was one of the 36 founding members of the Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas and took armchair 2 there until January 18, 1870. Between February 20, 1866 and November 18, 1868 he was also President of the Academy.

For his political and scientific work he was awarded the Order of the Golden Fleece ( Orden del Toisón de Oro ) in 1868 .

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Web links

• Biography on the homepage of the Spanish Prime Ministers (Spanish)
• The cabinets during the reign of Isabella II (1833–1843 - Les Regències)
• The cabinets during the reign of Isabella II (1843–1856 - Década Moderada)
• The cabinets during the reign of Isabella II (1856–1868 - La Unión Liberal)
• The governments of the Kingdom of Spain from 1833 to 1868 ( Memento of February 24, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
• Lorenzo Arrazola: semblanza de un gran político y un gran jurista , biography of Braulio Diaz Sampedro, Faculty of History, Complutense University, Madrid, February 2009 (PDF, Spanish)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Scholz, Johannes Michael: "Administering justice: Spanish justice in transition to modernity" , 2003, pp. 332–335
2. ↑ List of Members of Parliament from 1810 to 1977
3. ^ The Senate between 1834 and 1923 - Senators , accessed June 7, 2017.
4. ↑ Tribunal Supremo - Historia y Presidentes 1812–2001 ( Memento of the original of September 2, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
5. ↑ Members of the Real Academia de la Purísima Concepción de Valladolid ( Memento of August 18, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
6. ↑ Members of the Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas - Armchair 2 ( Memento from September 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
7. ↑ Presidents of the Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas 1857 to 2007 ( Memento of September 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
8. ↑ Bearer of the Order of the Golden Fleece

predecessor	Office	successor
Manuel Pando Fernández de Pinedo	President of the Spanish government 1864	Alejandro Mon Menéndez