School Supervision Act
A School Inspection Act is generally a law that the supervision of the state over the schools regulates.
background
The first laws of this kind emerged in Germany in the 19th century. Before that, the school supervision was in the hands of the church and local authorities. The aim of the legal regulation was beyond the need for standardization to limit the influence of the Catholic Church in particular on the educational system. Such legislation met with the sometimes bitter resistance of the Catholic Church , for example in the so-called Baden school dispute , which was a reaction to the school law passed by the liberal Baden government on July 29, 1864.
Prussian School Supervision Act
Most well-known, however, is the School Supervision Act of March 11, 1872 , through which the Prussian minister of education Adalbert Falk, at the instigation of Bismarck, abolished the church school inspection in the Kingdom of Prussia and placed all schools under state supervision.
Until then, the elementary school was subject to spiritual school supervision by the Catholic or Protestant Church and, under certain circumstances, the patronage rights of landlords . The measure belongs to the Kulturkampf . It brought Bismarck's rejection not only of the Center Party , but also of the Protestant old conservatives .
The higher schools had been under state supervision since 1787 by the Berlin Oberschulkollegium, which the Enlightenment Minister of Education Karl Abraham von Zedlitz had introduced to remove the higher schools from spiritual control, but was initially occupied by theologians.
Today the supervision in Germany is regulated by the school laws of the federal states. According to Article 7 (1) of the Basic Law, the right and duty of state school supervision exists .
In Austria there was the Federal School Supervision Act (repealed by Federal Law Gazette I No. 138/2017 ).