Spiritual school supervision
As a spiritual school inspection supervision is about the elementary schools but designated by a clergyman in professional, even in matters of faith and morality issues. All teachers are therefore subject to the control of the clergy, both professionally and with regard to their moral and civic-political behavior.
It existed in different legal forms in all territories of the Holy Roman Empire and its successor states until the late 19th century. Their conditions were among the educational advantage of the clergy, especially the monks in the Middle Ages, the liability of kirchlich- denominational authored Christianity for the entire intellectual life and the fact that all schools first at monasteries ( Convent School ), cathedrals ( Cathedral School ) or parish churches ( Parochial school ) were settled and the lessons were given by members of the order or sexton ( sexton school ). The private angle schools that had emerged since the Middle Ages had a bad reputation.
While the Reformation as an educational movement promoted the spiritual school supervision, whereby the clergy in turn was subordinate to the sovereign church regiment, the Enlightenment and the cultural war initiated the transition to non-denominational state school supervision . This was accompanied by the professionalization of the teaching profession. This transition took place regionally at different speeds and in many cases with heated disputes. In Prussia it was the School Supervision Act of March 11, 1872, through which the Prussian Minister of Education, Adalbert Falk, at the instigation of Bismarck, repealed the church school inspection in the Kingdom of Prussia and made all schools subject to state supervision.
The transition to purely state school supervision was constitutionally implemented in Germany with Art. 144 of the Weimar Constitution of 1919, according to which the entire school system was subject to the supervision of the state and carried out by “full-time, professionally trained officials”. The entire school system is also under the supervision of the state in accordance with Article 7, Paragraph 1 of the Basic Law .
literature
- Enno Fooken: The spiritual school supervision and their critics in the 18th century. Wiesbaden-Dotzheim: Deutscher Fachschriften-Verlag 1967, plus dissertation, Mainz (= problems of upbringing 5)
- Hans Eckhard Lubrich: Spiritual school supervision and religious instruction in Minden, Ravensberg: 1754–1894. Bielefeld: Luther-Verlag 1977, also: Münster (Westphalia), Univ., Faculty 01 - Evang. Theology, Diss., 1973 ISBN 978-3-7858-0218-2 (= contributions to Westphalian church history 3)
Web links
- Hermann Giesecke : On the school policy of the social democrats in Prussia and in the Reich 1918/19 quarterly books for contemporary history 1965, pp. 162–177.
- Hans-Peter Füssel , Peter Martin Roeder : Law - Education - State Journal for Pedagogy 2003, pp. 7-25.
- Benjamin Edelstein, Hermann Veith: School history until 1945: From Prussia to the Third Reich bpb , January 1, 2017.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lydia Großpietsch: Geistliche Schulaufsicht (19th / 20th century) in: Historisches Lexikon Bayerns, accessed on July 18, 2020.
- ^ Parochialschulen Pierer's Universal-Lexikon, Volume 12. Altenburg 1861, p. 708.
- ↑ cf. Ottwilm Ottweiler: The St. Goar teachers' meeting on May 18 and 19, 1848. A manifestation of a liberal-democratic spirit in the revolutionary events of the Rhineland. Hansen-Blatt 2007, pp. 83-90.
- ^ Joachim Scholz: Contributions of the spiritual school supervision to the professionalization of the Prussian elementary school teachers in the early 19th century. In: Yearbook for Historical Educational Research (JHB) ISBN 978-3-7815-2084-4 , 21 (2016), pp. 155-174 ( digitized version )
- ↑ Prussian Law Collection, 1872, p. 183.
- ^ Law on the Supervision of Teaching and Education (March 11, 1872) German History in Documents and Pictures (DGDB), accessed on July 18, 2020.