Heat shock

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In cell biology, a state of the cell under extreme temperatures, toxic chemicals or strong radiation is referred to as heat shock ; What these conditions have in common is that the cell proteins threaten to denature. The cell responds with a kind of emergency program to which a. the expression of so-called heat shock proteins .

evolution

The heat shock response is an evolutionarily very old and highly conserved process that occurs in all living things right down to bacteria. The genes for the heat shock proteins have been preserved throughout evolution, although new possibilities have arisen for the more highly developed organisms to deal with environmental stressors. When examining Antarctic fish (Notothenioidei), however, it was found that the genes of the heat shock proteins were lost in these fish as part of the evolutionary adaptation.

History of science

The heat shock response was systematically observed in the fly Drosophila melanogaster for the first time since the 1960s and became more generally known from the 1980s.

In recent times, the heat shock response is mainly used in the process of transforming bacterial cells in order to make them artificially competent. A heat shock opens pores in the cell membrane, through which DNA can get into the cell and possibly get into the bacterial genome.

credentials

  1. ↑ Martin E. Feder, Gretchen E. Hofmann: HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS, MOLECULAR CHAPERONES, AND THE STRESS RESPONSE: Evolutionary and Ecological Physiology. In: Annual Review of Physiology. 61, 1999, pp. 243-282, doi : 10.1146 / annurev.physiol.61.1.243 .
  2. ↑ Hasday, JD and Singh, IS (2000): Fever and the heat shock response: distinct, partially overlapping processes ; Cell Stress Chaperones. 2000 November; 5 (5): 471-480. PMID 11189454 , PMC 312879 (free full text)
  3. ^ M. Matschiner, R. Hanel, W. Salzburger: On the Origin and Trigger of the Notothenioid Adaptive Radiation. In: PLoS ONE 6 (4) 2011, doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0018911
  4. ↑ Ritossa, F. (1996): Discovery of the heat shock response. Cell Stress Chaperones. 1996 June; 1 (2): 97-98. PMC 248460 (free full text)