Holophrastic language structure
Holophrastic linguistic structure denotes the expression in the first phase of the child's language acquisition by means of holophrases (so-called one-word sentences or one-word utterances) ( holophrastic to ancient Greek ὅλος holos , German 'whole' , 'complete' and φράσις [ phrásis ], phrase, expression '= the content of a sentence in one word). The content of a statement is not expressed by a grammatically complete sentence, as in the language of adults, but by a single word that is a central part of the semantics of the utterance or theInteraction contributes (such as “woof” for “There is a dog” or “Mama!” For “Mama, come here!”). In everyday language use , for example, imperatives (“Come!”, “Go!”) Or a single “ Yes ” or “ No ” as an answer to questions or requests are also considered holophrases.
Holophrases in early childhood language acquisition
This ability begins between the ages of ten and twelve months. Here, complex ideas of the child are expressed. They relate to the overall situation and can express desires, feelings, comfort or discomfort or mean more than is understood in adult language, but cannot yet be precisely expressed due to the lack of vocabulary .
For example, if the child says “ball”, that does not necessarily mean that this object should be named, but may express a desire to own this ball or to get it back if it has rolled away.
Often times, children express their needs in conjunction with a pointing gesture, e.g. B. "there". The words used initially usually consist of an alternation of vowels and consonants. In this one-word phase, the child prefers nouns , but names for situations, objects or people can be interchanged at will.
The child's language acquisition progresses extremely quickly, but language talent or intelligence are apparently less important than physical development in order to perceive different impressions and to coordinate them.
There are a number of key conditions in language acquisition:
- the brain plasticity in childhood
- the direct involvement of the child in certain language acts
- direct attention , e.g. B. on an object in the area
- Parental encouragement for comments
- Why-questions from parents
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gisela Klann-Delius ( Spracherwerb . Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 1999, ISBN 3-476-10321-8 , page 39) traces the term holophrase back to de Laguna 1927.
literature
- Els Oksaar : Language acquisition in preschool age. Introduction to pedolinguistics. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Berlin / Cologne / Mainz 1977, ISBN 3-17-004471-0 . On the stage of the holophrases : page 162ff.
