Identity-Oriented Psychotrauma Therapy

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The identity-oriented psycho trauma therapy (iOPT) called a psychotherapeutic intervention procedure Psychotraumatologen Franz Ruppert , which focuses on the development of identity is the people in the context of his early attachment relationships. Ruppert's underlying theory regards mental disorders (and the resulting physical illnesses) as the result of various forms of early traumatization of the human psyche. The procedure developed under this name since 2015 and used in various countries is, unlike other psychotherapeutic procedures, not financed by the statutory health insurances in Germany, as listed in the Psychotherapy Directive .

Trauma term

According to Ruppert, there is a psychotrauma when a permanent split in a person's psyche can be observed after a traumatizing experience . Structurally, Ruppert differentiates between four types of trauma:

Existential trauma

Existential trauma arises from a life-threatening situation in which a person experiences himself helplessly at the mercy of the potential destruction of his own existence . The most prominent symptom of this type of trauma is the fear of death, which may develop. a. symptomatic in panic attacks .

Loss trauma

Loss trauma arises from the loss or separation of people with whom there is a spiritual bond. The most serious loss trauma is the early death of the mother for a child or the death of a young child for its mother. The clearest characteristic of loss trauma is prolonged periods of depression .

Attachment trauma - symbiosis trauma - trauma of love

Attachment trauma occurs when a person is rejected and rejected in the attachment system in which they live. This can be done as bullying in a school class or in the workplace. The exclusion of people with special ethnic or religious characteristics in a society can also lead to an attachment trauma for them. In 2010, Ruppert coined the term symbiosis trauma as a special form of attachment trauma. He sees in this the primal trauma of a person, which arises from the frustration of the child's needs for body contact, food, love, belonging, emotional affection or emotional support. Due to its existential dependence on its primary attachment figures, i.e. primarily on its mother, the child experiences fear of death and despair, which later express themselves in a tendency towards self-surrender and extreme withdrawal. According to Ruppert, forms of insecure attachments according to Bowlby and Ainsworth ( attachment theory ) are mainly due to symbiosis trauma. Symbiosis traumas arise from contact between a child and traumatized parents . The subsequent symptoms of attachment trauma are diverse. They include identity problems, emotional instability, substance use and addictive behaviors, fear of abandonment, and most importantly, relationship problems.

Attachment system trauma

An attachment system trauma occurs when the entire system is traumatized by serious incidents in a system of attachment relationships. This is the case, for example, with murder or serious acts of violence, rape or incest within a family. The basis for the development of an attachment system trauma is usually that two attachment traumatized people come together to form a couple. The main feature of the attachment system trauma is the perpetrator-victim split among the people involved. At some point, everyone will have perpetrator and victim structures within themselves. At the symptom level, attachment system trauma can also be expressed in psychoses and schizophrenia.

Franz Ruppert has meanwhile supplemented this structural model of different types of trauma with the term trauma biography . He assumes that a child who is not wanted by his parents suffers a trauma of identity . I.e. in order to be there, the child splits off his own self and his own will and adapts to the needs of his parents. It gets into the next trauma area, the trauma of love . Separated from itself, the child tries to get love from its parents, who, being traumatized, are also not with themselves. This creates symbiotic entanglements between parents and children, in which there is neither the desired closeness, nor is it possible to set oneself apart from one another in a constructive way. The unsaturated hunger for emotional and physical closeness then in turn forms the breeding ground for the trauma of sexuality . Sexuality is used by the adults to satisfy their own frustrated need for closeness and love with a child and the children tolerate it because in this way they get at least some closeness and attention. In addition, the children have no one to turn to in their need, as the adults around them are blind to trauma due to their own trauma biography. All forms of trauma lead to the development of survival strategies through which those affected also become perpetrators of themselves. B. be strong and not want to show "feelings of weakness". The trauma biography finally reaches its climax in the fact that someone not only becomes a victim, but also a perpetrator of other people whom they traumatize by their actions or the failure to provide necessary support. The perpetrator also traumatizes himself and has to split off the fact of his perpetrator and resort to survival strategies that deny the crime (e.g. “It wasn't me.” “I am wrongly accused.” “The victim is to blame.” Etc. ). The trauma of one's own perpetration then usually leads to further perpetration. In this way, the circle closes: the victims of the first generation become the perpetrators of the second, etc.

Personality model

According to Ruppert, in order to survive a trauma situation or the entire trauma biography, it is necessary to block healthy psychological structures by splitting off, i.e. H. to reveal the relation to reality: impulses of movement freeze, perceptions disappear, feelings freeze and thoughts become empty and confused. According to Ruppert, the process of division creates three personality components: survival components (ÜA), trauma components (TA) and healthy components (GA).

Model of the split personality after trauma

Survival stake

The survival component is the protective mechanism of the psyche which ensured survival in the traumatizing situation. As great as its usefulness in this threatening situation was originally, it now stands in the way of the resolution of the trauma most of all, since it still considers the past threat to be real. The survival part therefore develops complex strategies to suppress the trauma parts, which range from controlling behavior, denial and addiction to esoteric doctrines of salvation and the violent suppression of other people.

Traumatized part

Depending on the type of trauma, the trauma part includes feelings of powerlessness, helplessness, fear and pain, which could not be dealt with in the threatening situation and were therefore split off. He causes unconscious conflicts and repeats situations that are reminiscent of the traumatizing situation. It can manifest itself in the form of panic attacks, sudden outbursts of anger, and short but mostly violent crying fits. It is often expressed in physical symptoms as well.

Healthy portion

The following are some of the characteristics that Ruppert attributes to the healthy parts: Willingness for truth and clarity, desire for healthy relationships, personal responsibility, reference to reality, strength of will, willingness to recognize traumatic experiences. His list includes other properties and does not claim to be exhaustive, rather he invites professionals and clients to make such lists themselves. Only with the help of the healthy parts of a person can traumatic feelings be reintegrated.

Relationship forms

In a relationship between two people, according to Ruppert, it is essential which parts of the interaction partners are currently interacting with each other. The three personality components each result in nine possible types of interaction. Ideally, people interact from their healthy proportions, or at least one of the partners does. For example, when interacting with a therapist, it is the therapist's responsibility to act from his or her own healthy part. If two people interact with each other out of survival or trauma, the interaction becomes problematic and tends to escalate.

Principle of therapy

The main goal of psychotherapy in the sense of identity-oriented psychotrauma theory (IoPT) is to overcome the split in personality. In principle, three processes are essential for this:

  • Pushing back the survival strategies so that the healthy parts get more space,
  • Strengthening the healthy parts, especially building a stable self and will,
  • Encounter between the healthy and the traumatized parts in order to integrate them step by step - at eye level, as it were.

Depending on the type of trauma on which it is based, the different psychodynamics must be taken into account in the therapy.

Method - work with the issue and identity constellations

Franz Ruppert began in 1995 to gain experience with the family constellation method . From 1998 he realized that this method is able to bring trauma to light, but is nowhere near sufficient to heal trauma. On the basis of his split model, he further developed the constellation method for trauma constellations. The format he preferred to use from 2009 onwards, “setting up the issue”, focused on the person setting up determining what he would like to deal with.

Action

The therapy takes place in groups in 2 to 3-day weekend seminars or in individual therapy sessions. The constellation first describes his current situation and is then asked by the therapist to formulate his request for a constellation. His concern expresses where he is currently in his development process and what next step in his inner development is possible. The person setting it up writes this down on a flipchart, in groups as clearly as possible for everyone to see.

Then the person setting up the group chooses a person from the group - in individual work it can be the therapist - for a first word in his concern and asks this person to go into resonance with this word. Now an exchange process arises between the two. When the person setting up has grasped the information offered by the resonator, he chooses the next word from his request, etc. During the setting up, the resonator is free to express their feelings, thoughts and perceptions. Apart from physical violence, sexual assault and property damage, any type of interaction is permitted.

The therapist accompanies and observes the constellation until he considers an intervention to be appropriate and helpful. He supports the person setting up the device to get a clearer picture of his inner psychological structures, to recognize his survival strategies and to connect more with his healthy parts. It is essential that the client himself is satisfied with the result of his own process at the end of the constellation. It is an essential task of the therapist to prevent the person setting up the patient from putting himself into the situation of retraumatisation . This requires a well-founded training of the therapist in identity-oriented psychotrauma theory and therapy.

reception

A scientific recognition of the procedure applied since 2015 is pending. It has not yet been received. An external scientific evaluation is not available. The publications on this method have so far come exclusively from its developer or therapists trained by him.

literature

  • Franz Ruppert: Worlds of professional relationships. Carl Auer Systems Verlag, Heidelberg 2001.
  • Franz Ruppert: Confused souls. The hidden meaning of psychosis. Kösel Verlag, Munich 2003.
  • Franz Ruppert: Trauma, Attachment and Family Constellations. Klett-Cotta Verlag, Stuttgart 2005.
  • Franz Ruppert: Spiritual split and inner healing. Klett-Cotta Verlag, Stuttgart 2007.
  • Franz Ruppert: symbiosis and autonomy. Symbiosis trauma and love beyond entanglement. Klett-Cotta Verlag, Stuttgart 2010.
  • Franz Ruppert: trauma, fear and love. On the way to healthy independence and how constellations help. Kösel Verlag, Munich 2012
  • Franz Rupert et al .: Early trauma. Pregnancy, birth and first years of life. Klett-Cotta Verlag, Stuttgart 2014
  • Franz Ruppert & Harald Banzhaf (eds.) My body, my trauma, my self. Set up concerns - get out of the trauma biography. Kösel Verlag, Munich 2017
  • Franz Ruppert: Who am I in a traumatized society . Klett-Cotta Verlag, Stuttgart 2018
  • Franz Ruppert: Love Lust & Trauma. On the way to a healthy sexual identity. Kösel-Verlag, Munich 2019
  • Franz Ruppert: Constellations under the sign of a multigenerational systemic psychotraumatology. In: System constellation practice. Issue 2/2005, pp. 38-45.
  • Trauma and symbiotic entanglement - from family to trauma constellations In: Journal for Psychotraumatology, Psychotherapy Science , Psychological Medicine. Issue 4/2009.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franz Ruppert .: Trauma, fear and love on the way to healthy independence. How constellations help. 2nd Edition. Kösel, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-466-30966-5 .
  2. ^ Franz Ruppert .: Trauma, attachment and family constellations: understanding and healing emotional injuries. 3rd, through Edition. Klett-Cotta / JG Cotta'sche Buchhandlung Nachflg., Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-608-89045-7 .
  3. ^ Franz Ruppert .: Symbiosis and Autonomy: Symbiosis trauma and love beyond entanglement. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-608-89099-0 .
  4. ^ Franz Ruppert .: Mental splitting and inner healing Integrating traumatic experiences . 5th edition. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2017, ISBN 978-3-608-89206-2 .
  5. ^ Franz Ruppert: Symbiosis and Therapy. Symbiosis trauma and love beyond entanglement . Presentation of his book of the same name (presentation with slides and video) from 00:39:35
  6. ^ Franz Ruppert .: Constellations under the sign of a multigenerational systemic psychotraumatology (MSP). (No longer available online.) In: Practice of System Constellations 2/2015. German Society for System Constellations, archived from the original on September 10, 2017 ; accessed on September 9, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.praxis-der-systemaufstellung.de
  7. ↑ Franz Ruppert: Identity-Oriented Psychotraumatheorie. In: franz-ruppert.de. Retrieved September 9, 2017 .