Jachad (Qumran)
Jachad ("unity") is the self-designation of a community that stands behind some of the Dead Sea Scrolls :
- Damascus script (D)
- Community rule (S) and related texts (Sa, Sb)
- Hymn Scroll (H)
- Milchama texts (M)
- Small liturgical texts and pesharim
- Controversial: among other things, the Sabbath sacrifice songs 4QMMT .
The term Jachad and the adjective Jachadisch (English: Yahad, Yahadic ) have established themselves in Qumran research because they are well suited to being able to communicate about the contents of the above texts without using terms such as “ Essenes ”, “ Sects "," Qumran group "to make problematic preliminary decisions.
An example:
The following Jachadic texts deal with a communal meal: the community rule 1QS VI 2 + 8 and the community rule 1Q28a II 17–22. Flavius Josephus describes a communal meal of the Essenes ( Jewish War II, 129-133). And in Chirbet Qumran one found dining rooms, a harness room and animal bone depots. Since there are noticeable similarities as well as differences between the various text sources and the archaeological finds, it makes sense to be able to linguistically distinguish the authors of 1QS and 1Q28a from the Essenes or the inhabitants of Qumran.
literature
- Daniel Stökl Ben Ezra : Qumran: The Dead Sea Texts and Ancient Judaism (UTB 4681). Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2016, ISBN 9783825246815 .