Japanese braille

The Japanese Braille is a version of Braille that for the Japanese language was designed. In Japanese, it is referred to as tenji ( 点 字 ), literally dot sign. This was designed by Kuraji Ishikawa ( 石川 倉 次 ) in 1890 and published in the Japanese Official Gazette in 1901.

Character map

Table with the rules of formation for the hiragana .

あ row	あ a	い i	う u	え e	お o	These are the basic vowels.
か row	か ka	き ki	く ku	け ke	こ ko	In the か row, the sixth point is used for the basic row.
さ row	さ sa	し shi	す see below	せ se	そ so	In the さ row, the fifth and sixth point are used for the basic row.
た row	た ta	ち chi	つ tsu	て te	と to	In the た row, the third and fifth point are used for the basic row.
な row	な na	に ni	ぬ nu	ね no	の no	In the な row, the third point is used for the basic row.
は row	は ha	ひ hi	ふ fu	へ hey	ほ ho	In the は row, the third and sixth point are used for the basic row.
ま row	ま ma	み mi	む mu	め me	も mo	In the ま row, the third, fifth and sixth point is used for the basic row.
や row	や ya		ゆ yu		よ yo	In the や row, the characters in the basic row are moved all the way down and the fourth point is added.
ら row	ら ra	り ri	る ru	れ re	ろ ro	In the ま row, the fifth point is used for the basic row.
わ row	わ wa	ゐ wi		ゑ we	を where	In the わ row, the characters in the basic row are shifted all the way down.

Table for additional characters

nasal	sokuon	Length character	comma	Point	Question mark	Exclamation mark	Midpoint
ん n	っ	ー	、	。	？	！	・

Table for diacritics and yōon

dakuten ( ゛ )	dakuten + か	Only the fifth point is used in the first cell (in the example: が ).
hand-acute ( ゜ )	hand acute + は	Only the sixth point is used in the first cell (in the example: ぱ ).
yōon	yōon + か	In the first cell only the fourth point is used (in the example: き ゃ (kya) → か (ka)).
dakuten + yōon	dakuten + yōon + か	The fourth and fifth points are used in the first cell (in the example: ぎ ゃ (gya) → き ゃ (kya) → か (ka)).
handakuten + yōon	handakuten + yōon + は	The fourth and sixth points are used in the first cell (in the example: ぴ ゃ (pya) → ひ ゃ (hya) → は (ha)).

spelling, orthography

In general, Japanese braille is written in the same way as printed Japanese is written in kana. However, there are some important differences:

• In printed Japanese, the particles wa and e have retained their historical spelling as は ha and へ he , but in Braille they are written as ⠄ wa and ⠋ e according to their pronunciation .
• Long ō and ū are always expressed in Braille by a ⠒ ( chōon ), while in Hiragana the spellings ou , oo and uu are used.
• Since the lack of Kanji makes it difficult to identify word boundaries, spaces are used to separate words. However, these are not used in the immediate vicinity of punctuation marks and in front of particles. The block is 今日は朝からよく晴れているmutatis mutandis as Kyōwa asakara yoku harete iru. transfer. In addition, a space separates the components of proper names from one another.

See also

• chinese braille