Jayavarman I.

Jayavarman I. ( Khmer : ព្រះបាទ ជ័យវរ្ម័ន ទី ១ ; † 681 ) was king of Cambodia between about 654 and 681 , namely the area that was called Zhēnlà by the Chinese. According to the undated Cambodian inscription K. 1142 written in Sanskrit (possibly from U T'ong in Thailand) he was the son of a certain Candravarman and the unnamed granddaughter of Īśānavarman I (the king who lived between about 616 and 637 According to Īśānavarman, one of his sons, Bhavavarman II , apparently succeeded his father, although according to the inscription K. 1142 there was an unknown crown prince ( yuvarāja ) (Jacques 2007: 41-53), father that daughter who was married to Candravarman. The also undated inscription K. 1150 from Khău Nôy (Thailand) reports, however, of a certain poñ (dignitary) named Śivadatta, who was the son of Īśānavarman and brother of Bhavavarman II (see Jacques 1986: 87) Śivadatta is already known from the inscription K. 54 from Kdĕi Aṅ (IC III; 157-163, line 8) of April 12, 628. Possibly Śivadatta and Bhavavarman II had different iedene mothers (Heng 2016: 488). The earliest date of Bhavavarman II can be found in the inscription K. 79 from Tà Kèv / Prov. Kandàl of January 5, 644 (IC II: 69-72) 1 and the last known is Wednesday, March 25, 655 from the inscription K. 21 from Poñā Hòr (Prov. Tà Kèv). Towards the end of his rule, his great-nephew Jayavarman (I.) established his own power base, as can be seen from the inscription K. 1201 from Huei Kadian (Champassak / South Laos) of May 18, 654 (Santoni / Hawixbrock 1999: 396; Lorrillard 2014 : 195). Already three years later it is dated by the inscriptions K. 447 from Bàsĕt (Prov.Băttaṃbaṅ; IC II: 193-195) and K. 493 from Tûol Kôk Práḥ (Prov. Prei Vêṅ; IC II: 149-152) on June 14, 657. This was the beginning of a long reign, which he subsequently exercised almost over the entire country, which is evidenced by his numerous inscriptions. Jayavarman's father Candravarman is, according to K. 1142, the son of the couple Kauṇḍinya and Somā, the daughter of an unspecified Soma. There is much to suggest that the bearer of the name Kauṇḍinya belonged to the clan of the same name, who ruled Fúnán and thus ultimately a connection between Fúnán and Zhēnl was established by Jayavarman I.

Establishment of a new empire

During the reign of Jayavarman I, a new form of administration was established that made it possible to collect taxes in the form of goods and money. So there were

• rājasabhāpati or court chief
• hotar or high priest
• mahāsvaphadi as governor of Sresthrapura
• samāntagajapad or head of the royal elephant troops
• dhānyākarapati or head of the granaries.

Since Jayavarman probably left no male heir to the throne, his state fell apart after his death. Jayavarman I probably died in 681.

literature

• Finot, Louis (1904): "Notes d'épigraphie XI: Les inscriptions de Mi-so'n", BEFEO IV: 897-977.
• Golzio, Karl-Heinz (2011): History of Cambodia. From Fúnán to Angkor and from Angkor to modernity. Berlin: EB-Verlag (Bonn Asia Studies).
• Heng, Piphal (2016): “Tradition to the pre-Angkorian period (300-500 CE): Thala Borivat and a regional perspective”, JSEAS 47: 484-505.
• IC -Inscriptions du Cambodge. Éditées et traduites par G [eorge] Cœdès. Vol. I-VIII. Hanoi, Paris: Impr. Extreme-Orient; de Boccard [etc.] 1937-1966 (Collection de Textes et Documents sur l'Indochine: III).
• ISCC -Inscriptions sanscrites de Campā et du Cambodge. [Éd. et trad.] by Abel Bergaigne et A [uguste] Barth. Paris: Klincksieck 1885–93.
• Jacques, Claude (1986): "Le pays khmer avant Angkor", Journal des savants 1986: 59-95.
• Jacques, Claude (2007): “Stèle d'origine inconnue: K. 1142”; in: Manuel d'épigraphie du Cambodge. Yoshiaki Ishizawa, Claude Jacques, Khin Sok. Avec la collaboration de: Uraisi Varasarin, Michael Vickery, Tatsuro Yamamoto. Vol. I, Paris: 47-53.
• Jener, Philip N [orman] (2009): A dictionary of pre-Angkorian Khmer. Ed .: Doug Cooper. Canberra (Pacific linguistics: 597).
• Lévy, Paul (1970): “Thala Bŏrivăt ou Stu'ṅ Trèṅ: sites de la capitale du sovereign khmer Bhavavarman Ier”, JA 258: 113-129.
• Lorrillard, Michel (2006): “Lao history revisited. Paradoxes and problems in current research ”: in: South East Asia Research 14: 387-401.
• Lorrillard, Michel (2014): “Pre-Angkorian communities in the Middle Mekong Valley (Laos and adjacent areas)”; in: Before Siam. Essays in art and archeology. Ed. by Nicolas Revire and Stephen A [nthony] Murphy. Bangkok: River Books: 186-215.
• Pelliot, Paul (1903): "Le Fou-nan", BEFEO III: 248-303.
• Santoni, Marielle / Hawixbrock, Christiane (1999): «Laos: Prospections 1999 au sud de Vat Phou (province de Champassak): du Houay Khamouane à la frontière cambodgienne», BEFEO LXXXVI: 394-405.

Vickery, Michael (1998): Society, Economics, and Politics in Pre-Angkor Cambodia: The 7th-8th Centuries, Tokyo: The Center for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko. Vickery, Michael (2004): “Funan reviewed: Deconstructing the Ancients”, BEFEO XC-XVCI (2003-2004): 101-143. references />