Cardinal vein

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The primitive venous vessels of the embryonic blood circulation are called cardinal veins . Up to the 4th week of development, the system consists of the anterior cardinal veins ( Venae cardinales anteriores ) and the posterior cardinal veins ( Vv. Cardinales posteriores ). The Vv. Cardinales anteriores drain the blood from the cranial, the Vv. Cardinales posteriores from the caudal areas of the body. The veins are laid out in pairs, so that there is an anterior and a posterior cardinal vein on each side, which merge shortly before the heart to form a common cardinal vein . This then flows into the sinus venosus. The anterior cardinal veins are also connected by an anastomosis that develops into the later brachiocephalica left vein. From the 5th week of development on, additional cardinal veins, also in pairs, are formed, which complement the existing venous system:

  • The supracardinal veins ( Venae supracardinales ) replace the receding posterior cardinal veins . Together with their remnants, they develop into the hemiazygos vein on the left and the azygos vein on the right .
  • The subcardinal veins ( Venae subcardinales ) are created to receive the venous blood from the developing kidneys. The following structures emerge from them in the further development:
  • The sacrocardinal veins ( Venae sacrocardinales ) form parallel to the formation of the lower extremities . Its transverse anastomosis later develops into the left common iliac vein.

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  • Michael Schünke, Erik Schulte, Udo Schumacher: Prometheus - General Anatomy and Movement System. 2nd Edition. Thieme, 2009, ISBN 978-3-13-139522-1 .
  • Susanne Schulze: short textbook embryology. 1st edition. Urban & Fischer, 2006, ISBN 3-437-41703-7 .
  • Keith L. Moore, TVN Persaud: The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology. 8th edition. Elsevier, 2006, ISBN 1-4160-3706-3 .