North Assam languages
The North Assam languages form a subgroup of the Tibetan Burman languages , a primary branch of Sinotibetic . The approximately 30 North Assam languages are spoken by 850,000 people in India in the state of Arunachal Pradesh , in Bhutan and in the People's Republic of China . The North Assam languages consist of four subgroups that form generally recognized genetic units : the Tani languages (formerly called Abor-Miri-Dafla languages ), the Khowa-Sulung , the Idu-Digaru and the Miju. With 800,000 speakers, the Tani group is by far the largest subgroup.
Classification and subunits
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North Assam
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Tani or Abor-Miri-Dafla or Adi-Nishi (800 thousand speakers)
- West Tani
- Apatani
- Bokar (Luoba)
- Nishi group
- Nishi (Nising, Nishing, East Dafla)
- Bangni (Bengni, West Dafla)
- Hill-Miri (Sarakk)
- Tagin, Yano, Nyisu, Akalel
- Gallong, Pailibo, Ramo
- East Tani
- Milang
- Damu, Boring
- Mishing (Mising, Plains Miri)
- Padam, Minyong, Shimong, Pasi, Panggi, Tangam, Karko, Ashing
- West Tani
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Khowa-Sulung or Kho-Bwa
- Khowa (Khoa, Bugun) (approx. 5 thousand)
- Sulung (4k)
- Sherdukpen (approx. 3 thousand)
- Lishpa (Monpa) (1 thousand)
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Idu-Digaru or North Mishmi
- Idu (Chulikata) (approx. 10 thousand)
- Digaru (Taraon, Darang Deng) (approx. 20 thousand)
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Mijuish or South Mishmi
- Kaman (Miju, Geman Deng) (4 thousand)
- Zaiwa (Zakhring-Meyor) (200)
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Tani or Abor-Miri-Dafla or Adi-Nishi (800 thousand speakers)
The North Assam languages are not recognized by all researchers as a genetic unit , but their subunits are. Classification and number of speakers according to the given web link.
literature
North Assam languages
- Robbins Burling: The Tibeto-Burman Languages of Northeastern India. In: Graham Thurgood, Randy J. LaPolla: The Sino-Tibetan Languages. Routledge, London 2003.
- Jackson T.-S. Sun: Tani Languages. In: Graham Thurgood, Randy J. LaPolla: The Sino-Tibetan Languages. Routledge, London 2003.
Tibeto-Burmese languages
- Christopher I. Beckwith (Ed.): Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages. Brill, Leiden / Boston / Cologne 2002.
- Paul K. Benedict: Sino-Tibetan. A Conspectus. Cambridge University Press, 1972.
- Scott DeLancey: Sino-Tibetan Languages. In: Bernard Comrie (Ed.): The World's Major Languages. Oxford University Press, 1990.
- Austin Hale: Research on Tibeto-Burman Languages. Mouton, Berlin / New York / Amsterdam 1982.
- James A. Matisoff: Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman. University of California Press, 2003.
- Anju Saxena (Ed.): Himalayan Languages. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2004.
- Graham Thurgood, Randy J. LaPolla (Eds.): The Sino-Tibetan Languages. Routledge, London 2003, ISBN 0-7007-1129-5 .
- George Van Driem: Languages of the Himalayas. Brill, Leiden 2001.
See also
Web links
- Ernst Kausen, The Classification of the Sino-Tibetan Languages. (DOC; 113 kB)
- Tani blog "Save Tanii". (with a section on the Tani language)