Skill level development

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The development of competence levels is a model from developmental psychology and describes the development from incompetent to competent individual .

Although it is often attributed to Abraham Maslow , it was developed in the 1970s by Gordon Training International , Noel Burch.

The four levels of competence development

Competence Hierarchy adapted from Noel Burch by Igor Kokcharov.svg

In psychology , the levels of competence development that are influenced by psychological standards overlap through a constant change between incompetence and competence . The stages are passed in the following order:

  1. Unconscious incompetence: in the absence of incentives, the individual does not understand what it is about or does not know how something should be achieved; likewise, it does not recognize its own shortcomings or has a problem recognizing them. The term Dunning-Kruger effect has become popular in popular science for the tendency to assess oneself as competent despite lack of knowledge . People with unconscious incompetence also act intuitively wrong.
  2. Conscious incompetence: The person understands or does not know how to achieve something, but knows their deficits and how these deficits work. People with conscious incompetence can intuitively act correctly, but cannot analyze their actions.
  3. Conscious competence: The person understands or knows how to do things in order to achieve a goal. Nevertheless, showing skills and knowledge requires a high level of concentration and awareness. The user has to break down a complex procedure into sub-steps in order to carry it out consciously. People with conscious competence can analyze their approach.
  4. Unconscious competence: The individual has so much practical experience with his abilities that they become second nature to him and can be called up at any time, often without having to use any higher concentration. This person can no longer easily pass on their skills because they are not aware of them. With unconscious competence, people act intuitively correctly, but can no longer analyze their actions.

It follows that students or trainees have conscious incompetence and trainers have conscious competencies. Especially when there is little time for conscious decisions - for example in the event of accidents and emergencies - unconscious skills are very valuable. Some sources mention indifference as the fifth level: The person does not care to keep the unconscious skills alive through regular use or through training to keep the conscious skills alive.

Skills development and intervention

Individual development takes place in two sub-areas: the development of skills and abilities and the development of personality traits.

The development of abilities and skills and other competencies describes the development of cognitive, psychomotor, motor, artistic and musical abilities and skills.

The development of personality traits (example: introversion ) describes the emotional and social readiness to react.

literature

  • Rolf Oerter, Leo Montada: Developmental Psychology. A textbook , 5th edition, Oerter / Montada, Beltz Verlag, Weinheim, 2002, ISBN 3-621-27479-0

Web links