Performance testing system
The performance test system (LPS) is an intelligence test and was developed by Wolfgang Horn . A revision of the test, the LPS-2 (Kreuzpointner, Lukesch & Horn, 2013), is now available. There is also the LPS 50 + , a test variant for older subjects (50 to 90 year olds), developed by Sturm, Willmes and Horn (2015).
History and Development
The test was developed to assess suitability for school and to diagnose brain damage. The test has existed in its basic form since 1962, when it was still called the talent test system. The test development took about 14 years. The LPS is based on Thurstone's primary factor model , whereby each of the most important primary factors is recorded with a total of 15 subtests of approx. 40 tasks.
| Primary factor | Sub-tests in the LPS |
|---|---|
| Understanding of language | 1,2,5,6,12 |
| inferential thinking | 3.4 |
| Fluency | 5.6 |
| Field dependence , memory | 10.11 |
| Space concept | 7,8,9,10 |
| Speed of perception | 13.14 |
| Handling numbers | Worksheet |
Test setup
The test consists of the parallel forms A and B of 2 A4 pages each.
Sub-tests and areas of responsibility :
- 1st and 2nd subtitles: word recognition, general education, verbal knowledge, spelling
- 3. UT: Recognition of (in) regularities in geometric figures
- 4th UT: like the 3rd test, with numbers and letters
- 5. UT: word recognition, fluency, temperament
- 6. UT: fluency, verbal knowledge
- 7. UT: Recognition of regularities
- 8th and 9th subtitles: Spatial imagination, comparison of symbols
- 10. UT: Recognizing the essence of a figure, introversion, intellectual independence
- 11. UT: recognition of mutilated pictures and words, visual memory
- 12. UT: word recognition
- 13. UT: Speed of perception: counting zeros
- 14. UT: Compare with test 13
- Worksheet: 10 blocks of numbers, formation of checksums, last digit of the result in the line
mark (there are 40 lines per block) = mathematical understanding,
Perseverance, motivation.
execution
The LPS can be performed as an individual and group test using two parallel shapes (A and B) and test lengths.
The long form requires a test time of approx. 2 hours, the short form (LPS-K with the subtests: 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 10 and 12) approx. 30 minutes.
There is also a version for people over 50 (LPS-50 +, without sub-test 8 and the working curve ) in which the sub-tests are shown twice as large and a computer version of some of the sub-tests of the LPS.
The subjects carry out the individual tests one after the other, whereby a certain time limit must be observed for each test. Each sub-test begins with relatively simple tasks and increases in task difficulty.
- Example : Subtest 1 consists of a series of 40 nouns, each with an error. The subject must find all errors within 2 minutes. There were two explanatory sample items for this. 1. Sample item: "Kraide"
evaluation
The evaluation is carried out using templates. The raw value sums determined in this way are transformed into age-related C values (mean value of 5, standard deviation of 2) using norm tables (age range: 9 to 50+) and entered in a profile.
Quality criteria
objectivity
- The implementation objectivity is given by a standardized procedure and the use of uniform test materials and time limits.
- The evaluation objectivity is given by the use of a template.
- The objectivity of interpretation results from the standard tables.
Reliability
- The split-half reliability of the overall test is .99
- The parallel test reliability is .94
- The retest reliability of the sub-test groups for a period of 2 to 3 years between .67 and .85 and for the total battery at .87.
validity
- Various factor analyzes resulted in four factors: a reasioning factor (sub-test 3.4), a verbal factor (sub-test 1, 2, 6, 12), a factor spatial imagination (sub-test 7–11) and a factor perception speed (sub-test 13 and 14).
- There is a .73 correlation between the LPS and the Intelligence Structure test.
- Intelligence ratings by teachers correlated with overall LPS performance at .47, with subtests 1 through 6 at .61, and with subtests 7 through 10 at .16.
Secondary quality criteria
Normalization
- The test has been standardized on around 10,000 people between the ages of 9 and 50. The ages 50 - 90 years were also taken into account in a further version.
Fairness, comparability
- Fairness is achieved through strict, clear test instructions and the same test conditions. The test is comparable to any test based on Thurstone's primary factors e.g. B. WIT ( Wilde Intelligenztest ), PSB ( test system for school and educational counseling ).
- Since some tasks require spelling skills, this can lead to the underestimation of intellectual abilities in those with spelling difficulties. Intelligence diagnosis with the LPS should therefore be avoided in such persons.
Economy
- The test comprises 960 tasks on two A4 sheets. The evaluation is carried out using a template and the results are noted on the test sheets, so there is no need to transfer them to an answer sheet and there is no need to check test booklets.
- Only clear answers are possible.
- The test can also be used to a limited extent (sub-tests: 1 + 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 14, and 1 of the worksheet) or for a short diagnosis (sub-tests: 1+ 2, 4, 12).
literature
- Wolfgang Horn : LPS performance test system . 2nd Edition. Hogrefe, Göttingen 1983.
- Ludwig Kreuzpointner, Helmut Lukesch , Wolfgang Horn: Performance test system 2. LPS-2. Hogrefe, Göttingen 2013.
- Walter Sturm, Klaus Willmes, Wolfgang Horn: LPS 50+. Performance testing system for 50 to 90 year olds. 2nd, revised and newly standardized edition. Hogrefe, Göttingen 2015.