Macro Buyeo (language family)
The Macro Buyeo language family is a theoretical language family in Northeast Asia .
It consists of the language families of the Buyeo languages ( Korean and Japanese ) and the Amur-Chukchi-Kamchadal languages ( Niwchisch and Chukchi-Kamchadal ). Various linguists created partially overlapping theories, which are summarized as the Macro Buyeo languages. In contrast to the Buyeo theory, this theory finds little support, but it is not excluded.
The components of the Amur-Buyeo language family
- Macro Buyeo
Arguments
Buyeo languages
The Buyeo languages are a language family that combines the Goguryeo languages, Korean (Silla-Baekje), Japanese (Yamato) and the Ryukyu languages into a single unit. The main message of this theory is that Korean (including the Goguryeo languages) and the Japanese Ryūkyū languages are genetically related.
It was believed until recently that Korean and Japanese had no common related words , but this view has been refuted. In 2016, over 500 matching base words were discovered that point to a common origin.
Furthermore, both languages have almost identical grammar and politeness .
Here is a small example of the related words:
| German | Korean | Japanese |
|---|---|---|
| We | uri | ore-ra |
| not no | ani , an | - na (-i) , - n (-u) |
| scratch | geulg - | kak - |
| Sun | hae | hi , bi |
| water | mul | mizu |
| lake | mot | mizuumi |
| cloud | gureum | cumo |
| island | seom | shima |
| bear | gom | kuma |
| hard | gud - | kata - |
| pack / bundle | dabal | taba |
It should be noted that today's Japanese was greatly influenced by Austronesian languages and the Ainu language , which already existed in Japan in the Jōmon period .
English article on the similarities between Korean and Japanese
Amurian languages
The linguist Michael Fortescue showed strong parallels between the Niwch language and the Chukchi-Kamchadal languages . He suspects that these languages are related to each other and used to have a much larger language area. His view is supported by a few other linguists, some expanding this language family with some Native American languages .
Macro Buyeo Theory
The Korean linguist Kang Gil-Un shows with his analysis that Proto-Korean has some similarities with the Niwchian language and is convinced that Korean is related to the Amurian languages. With his analysis of Korean, Alexander Vovin shows that typologically it is almost identical to these and other Paleosiberian languages , but considers a relationship to be improbable and undetectable, since typological similarities are not sufficient to clearly confirm a relationship. However, there are a few other linguists, among them Juha Janhunen , who also assumes that these languages may be related, especially between the Korean Goguryeo language and Niwchi, but also Japanese.
Individual evidence
- ^ LINGUIST List 19.2334: Historical Linguistics: Beckwith (2007) . In: The LINGUIST List . July 23, 2008 ( linguistlist.org [accessed August 29, 2018]).
- ^ Samuel E. Martin: Lexical Evidence Relating Korean to Japanese . In: Language . tape 42 , no. 2 , 1966, p. 185-251 , doi : 10.2307 / 411687 , JSTOR : 411687 .
- ^ Francis-Ratte, Alexander Takenobu: Proto-Korean-Japanese: A New Reconstruction of the Common Origin of the Japanese and Korean Languages . 2016 ( ohiolink.edu [accessed August 29, 2018]).
- ^ Russell Tomlin, "Basic Word Order: Functional Principles," Croom Helm, London, 1986, page 22
- ↑ Lucien Brown: CONTRASTS BETWEEN KOREAN AND JAPANESE HONORIFICS . In: Rivista degli studi orientali . tape 81 , no. 1/4 , 2008, p. 369-385 , JSTOR : 41913346 .
- ↑ Michael Fortescue: The relationship of Nivkh to Chukotko-Kamchatkan revisited . In: Lingua . tape 121 , no. 8 , June 2011, ISSN 0024-3841 , p. 1359-1376 , doi : 10.1016 / j.lingua.2011.03.001 .
- ↑ Fortescue, Michael. 2016. Comparative Nivkh Dictionary . Languages of the World / Dictionaries (LW / D) 62. Munich: Lincom Europa.
- ↑ Sergei Nikolaev / Сергей Николаев: SL Nikolaev. 2015. Toward the reconstruction of Proto-Algonquian-Wakashan. Part 1: Proof of the Algonquian-Wakashan relationship . ( academia.edu [accessed August 29, 2018]).
- ↑ Sergei Nikolaev / Сергей Николаев: SLNikolaev. 2016. Toward the reconstruction of Proto-Algonquian-Wakashan. Part 2: Algonquian-Wakashan sound correspondences . ( academia.edu [accessed August 29, 2018]).
- ↑ Kang, Gil-un (1990).고대사 의 비교 언어 학적 연구. 새문사.
- ↑ Alexander Vovin: Korean as a Paleosiberian Language (German version of 원시 시베리아 언어 로서의 한국어) . ( academia.edu [accessed August 29, 2018]).
- ^ David C. Wright, Juha Janhunen: Manchuria: An Ethnic History . In: The Journal of Asian Studies . tape 58 , no. 3 , August 1999, ISSN 0021-9118 , p. 830 , doi : 10.2307 / 2659155 .