Manual printing

The manual printing (also reflex copying process ) is a historical flat printing process . It was invented by Max Ullmann and patented on August 19, 1913 (patent specification No. 287214). Max Ullmann was a German engineer, print shop owner , managing director and senior boss of the company F.Ullmann, Graphische Kunstanstalt und Verlag, Zwickau iS The Manul procedure was named after changing his surname. Manul printing was widespread until the 1940s and is now largely replaced by reprography .

With manual printing, the printed side of a piece of paper, for example, is placed on a glass plate that has been provided with a light-sensitive layer (e.g. chrome gelatine ). After exposure through the glass plate and photochemical treatment, a negative is created. A thin transparent paper is glued onto the negative layer. This is used to pull the negative off the glass plate. The manual negative can be transferred several times to sheet metal for offset printing .

The Manuldruck was predominantly of out to reprint books ( eBook ) and printing short runs, for example of theses used. As a reprint process , it can be understood as an early copying process.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ August Albert: The reflectography for reproductions without a photographic camera and the anastatic printing , Halle 1922, p. 5 ( digitized version of the Weimar University Library ).

literature

• Marion Janzin; Joachim Güntner: The book from the book: 5000 years of book history , 3rd edition 2007, p. 448 ( Google book search ).
• Fritz Ullmann : Reprint process: Manuldruck , 1933 ( graphical auxiliary books for the book manufacturer ; 13) (with illustrations).
• Archive for the book trade , September 1911, Volume 48, p. 257 ( digitized version of the Weimar University Library ).
• Address book of the city of Zwickau 1906 : ULLMANN, Max, Druckereibesitzer, Talstrasse 16 ( address book of the district town of Zwickau 1906) .
• Address book of the city of Zwickau 1919/20 : ULLMANN, Max, managing director d. Company F. Ullmann, GmbH, H, Talstr. 16
• Albert Schramm : Pocket book for book collectors: Second year of the pocket book for book lovers , 1927, p. 104

Web links

• Manuldruck on wissen.de
• Manual printing on the part of the Association of German Antiquaries

See also

• Player type ( Otto Lueger: Lexicon of the entire technology and its auxiliary sciences , Vol. 9 Stuttgart, Leipzig 1914., p. 612. )
• Luminography ( Otto Lueger: Lexicon of all technology and its auxiliary sciences , Vol. 9 Stuttgart, Leipzig 1914., p. 503. )
• Gisaldruck ( Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Volume 7. Leipzig 1907, p. 869 , Otto Lueger: Lexicon of all technology and its auxiliary sciences , Vol. 1 Stuttgart, Leipzig 1920., pp. 255-256. )