Mixed oxide

A mixed oxide (MOX for short) or complex oxide is a substance that is composed of several oxides , whose crystal lattice consists of oxygen ions and the cations of several elements. Even if “MOX” is often equated with the uranium-plutonium mixture as a nuclear fuel (see also fuel element factory ), there are many other mixed oxides.

Applications

electronics

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is an important mixed oxide in electronics . The substance is used to manufacture transparent electrodes in liquid crystal screens, organic light-emitting diodes and touch screens. It is also used in thin-film solar cells and in the wiring of semiconductor sensors. Since ITO strongly reflects infrared radiation, it is occasionally applied to window panes as thermal protection. A wide variety of surfaces, for example plastic films, can also be coated with ITO so that they do not become electrostatically charged.

Color pigment

Nickel titanium yellow is a yellow pigment comprising a mixture of nickel oxide , titanium oxide and antimony (V) oxide .

Batteries

Lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxides are mixed oxides with the general formula LiNi _x Mn _y Co _z O ₂ . The most important representatives are closely related to the lithium cobalt oxide LiCoO ₂ and, like this, have a layer structure. They are used in lithium-ion batteries on the positive pole side (when discharging: cathode) as a storage material for lithium ions.

Nuclear technology

In nuclear technology, MOX fuel elements are sometimes used, which consist of uranium dioxide UO ₂ and plutonium dioxide PuO ₂ . Today they are used in nuclear reactors in various countries (demonstrably: France, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, Japan) in order to utilize the plutonium separated in the reprocessing and at the same time make it largely unusable for nuclear weapons .

Individual evidence

↑ Hermann Salmang, Horst Scholze: Ceramics . Springer Science & Business Media, 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-63273-3 , p. 784 ( books.google.de ).
^ Josef K. Felixberger: Chemistry for Beginners . Springer-Verlag, 2017, ISBN 978-3-662-52821-1 , pp. 277 ( books.google.de ).
↑ Ingo Klöckl: Chemistry of colorants: In painting . Walter de Gruyter & Co KG, 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-037453-7 , p. 183 ( books.google.de ).
↑ New technologies in lithium-ion batteries . In: Chemical Engineer Technology . tape 78 , no. 9 , 2006, ISSN 1522-2640 , p. 1328-1328 , doi : 10.1002 / cite.200650227 ( wiley.com ).
↑ Martin Bertau, Armin Müller, Peter Fröhlich, Michael Katzberg: Industrielle Inorganische Chemie . John Wiley & Sons, 2013, ISBN 978-3-527-33019-5 , pp. 746 ( books.google.de ).

[1] Hermann Salmang, Horst Scholze: Ceramics . Springer Science & Business Media, 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-63273-3 , p. 784 ( books.google.de ).

[2] Josef K. Felixberger: Chemistry for Beginners . Springer-Verlag, 2017, ISBN 978-3-662-52821-1 , pp. 277 ( books.google.de ).

[3] Ingo Klöckl: Chemistry of colorants: In painting . Walter de Gruyter & Co KG, 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-037453-7 , p. 183 ( books.google.de ).

[4] New technologies in lithium-ion batteries . In: Chemical Engineer Technology . tape 78 , no. 9 , 2006, ISSN 1522-2640 , p. 1328-1328 , doi : 10.1002 / cite.200650227 ( wiley.com ).

[Martin_Bertau-5] Martin Bertau, Armin Müller, Peter Fröhlich, Michael Katzberg: Industrielle Inorganische Chemie . John Wiley & Sons, 2013, ISBN 978-3-527-33019-5 , pp. 746 ( books.google.de ).