Modular house

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A modular house or container house is a (residential) building that is composed of several prefabricated modules or components.

description

The modular house, also called modular construction, system construction, modular construction, modular room system, room cells, system building or container house, is constructed according to the modular principle and thus individually put together and handed over ready- to-use. The houses are delivered prefabricated and only need to be set up and connected. The modules can either be set up individually or nested inside one another. These units are connected via speed bumps. It is also possible to stack the elements and then expand them. A modular house is transportable and thus differs from the stationary mini house and the tiny house on wheels. The room layout, floor plan and the internal and external appearance are tailored to the wishes and ideas of the client.

As a rule, it takes up to 3 months from the start of planning to delivery and installation of the modular house. The modular house can - depending on its size and complexity - be erected in around 5 hours. Current energy standards and air-heat pumps are used.

The construction differs from provider to provider and ranges from lightweight steel construction to solid wood and the use of shipping containers. In the interests of sustainability, the houses are mostly made of wood with partial inclusion of stones and bricks. Granite is often used indoors . The frame of the house is usually made of wood, but it can also be composed of steel. Cross-laminated timber panels are often used in the construction of the newer modular houses.

The houses can be set up at any location because the multi-unit concept means that only a minimal foundation is required. The houses are placed and fixed by pillars, strip foundations, point foundations and screw foundations. The assembly is carried out using a kind of "click technique"; here the individual modules are connected and anchored.

The modular house variants range from classic one-story models to fashionable designer houses to fully furnished single-family homes.

Safety requirements apply to the construction of modular houses. After the completion of each module, it is subjected to several tests to ensure that the quality of the CE stamp is guaranteed. The CE mark is a guideline given by the European Union for the structure, durability and resistance of buildings.

History of the modular house

The origin of modular construction can be found in industrial construction, where the construction method has long proven itself. In the meantime, the construction method is also increasingly used in the private sector. The concept of the modular house goes back to ancient Egypt : Even then, the blocks that were used to build the pyramids were transported down the Nile and assembled directly on the construction site.

In Japan, module building technology was used to build houses in the 12th century. Here the individual parts were transported by cart and then assembled and installed on site. The construction of the modular house became particularly widespread in Germany in the 1970s thanks to its fast construction and environmentally friendly and energy-efficient construction. Today, modular living already accounts for 30% of the German housing market.

As early as 1494, Leonardo Da Vinci developed a "Casa Mutabile" that he had completely prefabricated and set up on the banks of the Tigris River.

advantages

One advantage is the flexibility in the design of the tailor-made and energy-self-sufficient building.

Due to the constant controls during the manufacture of the modular house, there are fewer problems than with a solidly built house, in which errors can creep in again and again. Another advantage of a modular house is the possibility of 3D printing . In the future, this technology will be used more and more because the waste of material can be kept very low and the environment is protected in the long term.

The durability of the modular house precedes the conventional construction, since nails are exchanged for screws when the houses are put together and glue is also used for the corner connections. In addition, 8-10% more wood is used than in traditional buildings, which in turn has an advantage in terms of stability. In the USA it was found that modular houses had recorded less damage in hurricanes .

The construction costs can be calculated more precisely because the houses are produced in halls. As a result, there are no weather-related delays and the moisture content in the materials is kept low.

In addition, this construction method has a lower proportion of waste of material, since the consistent construction method in modular houses enables the construction companies to make precise calculations. Surplus materials can be used for the next building project. According to the WRAP group (England), the possibility of material reduction is up to 90% in contrast to regular buildings. Materials that can be saved range from wooden pallets, shrink film, cement, bricks to cardboard.

The construction process is more environmentally friendly, as it is possible to recycle or reuse the excess materials directly in the construction company instead of disposing of them.

With regard to the construction speed, a time reduction of up to 50 percent can be expected in the regular construction process.

disadvantage

Disadvantages are mainly the difficult property search, especially in areas with traditional development plans and the difficult and costly transport (depending on module dimensions and route). In addition, in the lack of storage space and the lifespan of the modular houses, which is only 60 years on average.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Julia Beamish: HUD Minimum Property Standards . In: The Encyclopedia of Housing . SAGE Publications, Inc., 2Thousand Oaks, California, ISBN 978-1-4129-8957-2 .
  2. ↑ Syed Tabish: Chapter-16 Modular Building Concept . In: Hospitals And Nursing Homes Planning Organization And Management . Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2003, ISBN 978-81-8061-154-4 , pp. 156-157 .
  3. ^ Hugh Broughton: Halley VI Antarctic Research Station . In: Space 2006 . American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, Virginia 2006, ISBN 978-1-62410-049-9 , doi : 10.2514 / 6.2006-7324 .
  4. ↑ Pallavi Pasnur, Kunal Patil: Review Paper on “Modular Construction In High Rise Buildings” . In: Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education . tape 15 , no. 2 , April 1, 2018, ISSN  2230-7540 , p. 623-625 , doi : 10.29070 / 15/56939 .
  5. ↑ Weizenhöfer, Günther ,: Purchase and construction of a prefabricated house, solid and wood construction . 5th updated edition. Consumer Central NRW, Düsseldorf 2013, ISBN 978-3-86336-034-4 .
  6. ↑ G. Demiralp, G. Guven, E. Ergen: Analyzing the benefits of RFID technology for cost sharing in construction supply chains: A case study on prefabricated precast components . In: Automation in Construction . tape July 24 , 2012, ISSN  0926-5805 , p. 120–129 , doi : 10.1016 / j.autcon.2012.02.005 .
  7. ↑ a b J.YR Liew, YS Chua, Z. Dai: Steel concrete composite systems for modular construction of high-rise buildings . In: Structures . February 2019, ISSN  2352-0124 , doi : 10.1016 / j.istruc.2019.02.010 .
  8. ↑ Haeyeon Yoo: A Study on the Prefab Housing in New Zealand and Australia . Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, August 22, 2015, doi : 10.14257 / astl.2015.100.33 .