Scalen muscles
As Musculi scaleni ( German stair muscles ; Singular Musculus scalenus , scalenus , Latinized form of the Greek σκαληνός "crooked", "unequal") is a group of skeletal muscles on the thorax of mammals :
- Scalenus anterior muscle , in animals the ventral scalenus muscle
- Scalenus medius muscle
- Scalenus posterior muscle , in animals the scalenus dorsalis muscle .
Occasionally, in humans, there is also a scalene minimus muscle behind the lower portion of the anterior scalene muscle.
The scalene muscles are part of the hypaxial skeletal muscles of the trunk . While the assignment in humans is clear, this muscle group is comparatively anatomically complicated because not all muscles are developed in all mammals. In veterinary anatomy, the relationship to the brachial plexus is therefore used as a classification criterion. Between scalene ventralis and middle scalene (formerly both muscles were to scalene primse costae summarized) of the brachial plexus passes ( "rear scalene" man). The scalenus dorsalis muscle was previously also known as the scalenus supracostalis muscle .
literature
- Walther Graumann: Compact textbook anatomy . tape 2 . Schattauer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 978-3-7945-2062-6 , pp. 456 .
- Franz-Viktor Salomon: muscle tissue . In: Franz-Viktor Salomon et al. (Ed.): Anatomy for veterinary medicine . 3. Edition. Enke, Stuttgart 2015, ISBN 978-3-8304-1288-5 , pp. 180 .