Naraka (Buddhism)
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In Buddhism, Naraka (Sanskrit: नरक) or Narakaloka means something like underworld or hell. The term can be found in all four Indian religions ( Hinduism , Jainism , Buddhism and Sikhism ). Naraka is a place of suffering and physical agony. In Buddhism, the conceptions of Naraka coincide with the Hindu in many ways . The number and names of hells and the types of sinners who are sent to a particular hell vary from text to text.
origin
A kind of hell realm or underworld called Narak or Naraka is also found in Hinduism, Sikhism and Jainism. Yama, the Tibetan Buddhist lord of the kingdom of hell, also appeared for the first time in the Vedas .
However, the early texts only vaguely describe Naraka as a dark and oppressive place. During the 1st millennium BC The concept of multiple hells prevailed. These hells contained different kinds of torments, and reincarnation depended on what kind of wrongdoing one had committed. In time, the bad karma of wrongdoing was gone and one could walk.
Early Buddhism had similar teachings across several hells. The biggest difference is that the early Buddhist sutras emphasized that there was no god or other supernatural intelligence to make judgments or assignments. Karma , understood as a kind of natural law, would lead to an appropriate rebirth.
Cold ice caves
The cold ice hells lie above the hot hells. The ice caves are described as frozen, desolate plains or mountains in which people have to live naked. The ice caves are:
Arbuda (hell of freezing with skin blisters)
Nirarbuda (hell of freezing while the bubbles burst)
Atata (hell of trembling)
Hahava (hell of tremors and moans)
Huhuva (hell of chattering teeth, plus moaning)
Utpala (hell where the skin turns as blue as a blue lotus)
Padma (the lotus hell where the skin rips open)
Mahapadma (the great lotus hell in which one freezes so that the body falls apart)
Hot hells
One of the hot hells is the place where you are cooked in cauldrons or ovens and trapped in incandescent metal houses, where demons pierce you with hot metal pegs. People are cut apart with burning saws and crushed by huge hammers made of hot metal. And as soon as someone is sufficiently cooked, burned, chopped up or squashed, he or she comes back to life and starts all over again. Common names for the eight hot hells are:
Samjiva (hell of resuscitating or repetitive attacks)
Kalasutra (hell of black lines or wires; used as a guide for the saws)
Samghata (the hell of being crushed by big hot things)
Raurava (hellish screams when walking around on the burning ground)
Maharaurava (hellishly loud shouting while animals are eating it)
Tapana (hell of scorching heat while being pierced by spears)
Pratapana (hell of scorching heat while being pierced by trident)
Avici (hell without stopping when roasting in ovens)
Web pages
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jane Alexander: The Body, Mind, Spirit Miscellany: The Ultimate Collection of Fascinations, Facts, Truths, and Insights . Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2009, ISBN 978-1-84483-837-0 ( google.de [accessed June 9, 2020]).
- ↑ Diane Morgan, Essential Buddhism: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice . ABC-CLIO, 2010, ISBN 978-0-313-38452-3 ( google.de [accessed on June 9, 2020]).