National innovation system

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The term National Innovation System (NIS) describes a network of institutions in the state and business that try to initiate, promote and disseminate innovations in interaction . The idea of ​​a national innovation system was first developed by Friedrich List .

In historical and international comparison, innovation research examines the different national framework conditions such as laws, standards and established routines, or the formation of clusters between companies. However, there are also z. B. examined regional differences in the efficiency of innovations within Germany. Current research is looking for determinants for characterizing and assessing the quality of an NIS, for example by measuring indicators for system inputs and outputs. Under the direction of the OECD , corresponding indicators were standardized on an international scale.

The innovation policy seeks to formulate and implement strategies that make each NIS under the given social, economic and political conditions optimal. In this way, innovation policy is increasingly displacing the industrial policy and technology policy that has been pursued up to now and thus represents a current example of a more or less high degree of state interventionism within economic policy. An example of this is, for example, how in this regard Japan from states within Asia (e.g. South Korea ) as well as outside of Asia is taken as a model for technology-led economic growth . A particular problem here is the extent to which national strategies are not reduced in their effect on national prosperity through location arbitrage by transnational companies.

supporting documents

  1. ^ Freeman, C. (1987): Technology Policy and Economic Performance: Lessons from Japan. London, Pinter
  2. ↑ Chris Freeman, The 'National System of Innovation' in historical perspective , Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 19, Issue 1, 2005, pp. 5-24
  3. ↑ OECD project "Mapping Innovative Clusters in National Systems of Innovation"
  4. ↑ Michael Fritsch, Viktor Slavtchev: What determines the efficiency of regional innovation systems? (PDF; 1.2 MB), JENA ECONOMIC RESEARCH PAPERS # 2007 - 006
  5. ↑ Patel, P. and K. Pavitt (1994): National innovation systems: why they are important, and how they might be measured and compared . Economics of Innovation and New Technology , 3 (1), 77-95
  6. ↑ 3. SCIENCE AND INNOVATION: COUNTRY NOTES: Germany (PDF; 138 kB)
  7. ↑ Werwatz, A., H. Belitz, M. Clemens, T. Kirn, J. Schmidt-Ehmcke and S. Schneider (2007): Innovation Indicator for Germany 2007 . DIW Berlin: Political Advice Compact 33. Berlin. Rae, D. and M. Sollie (2007): Globalization and the European Union: Which Countries are Best Placed to Cope . OECD Economics Department Working Paper No. 586. Paris. European Commission (2008): European Innovation Scoreboard 2007 - Comparative Analysis of Innovation Performance . Inno-Metrics Publication, February 2008. Download from: www.proinno-europe.eu/. World Economic Forum (2007): The Global Competitiveness Report 2007–2008 . New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
  8. ^ Ron Hira: The Offshoring of Innovation. US innovation system morphs as investments in R&D increasingly go to low-cost countries

literature

  • Hans-Heinrich Bass : Japan's National Innovation System: Performance and Perspectives, in: Reports from the World Economic Colloquium of the University of Bremen , No. 66, Bremen 1999
  • Heike Belitz, Mechthild Schrooten: Innovation Systems - Motor of the Economy , Quarterly Issues on Economic Research (PDF; 38 kB), 77 (2008), 2, pp. 5–10
  • B.-Å. Lundvall: National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning . London, Pinter, 1992
  • OECD: Managing National Innovation Systems , OECD, Paris, 1999
  • OECD: Dynamising National Innovation Systems , OECD, Paris, 2002

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