Paraphasia
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| R47.0 | Dysphasia and aphasia |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
Paraphasia ( Greek παρά para “next to it” and φάσις phasis “language”, from the verb φημί phēmi “say, speak”) is a confusion disorder and a symptom of aphasia , in which one uses a wrong word without noticing it, that is, oneself promises, or creates non-existent word structures, so-called neologisms (also: neolalia ).
A distinction is made between:
- semantic paraphasia:
1. Close semantic paraphasia: The words used are in the context of what is said, are incorrect in the actually intended meaning, but are in a certain context (for example: coat for jacket, cup for jug, sausage instead of cheese).
2. Wide or distant semantic paraphasia: The words used exist in German, but are not related to what is being said (for example: flower for aquarium, cream for tiger; new word creations are also possible, for example: light for lamp).
The strongest form of semantic paraphasias is semantic jargon, in which the patient uses existing words in German, but puts them together completely free of context.
- phonematic paraphasia,
in which neologisms are formed that suggest the intended word (for example: Tummel instead of tunnel, Bulme instead of flower) or completely distort it (for example: Puschima for bottle).
The strongest form of phonematic paraphasias is phonematic jargon, in which the patient only strings together neologisms.
- formal paraphasia:
The correct semantics are retrieved, but then a more retrievable word form is retrieved (e.g. the word "table" wants to be retrieved, but a formally and semantically similar word form such as "drink" is retrieved).
This disorder is seen in both developing children and the elderly - see Wernicke aphasia ; it also occurs in many clinical pictures, especially in schizophrenia , as well as in dream states.
