Newari Thangmi languages
The Newari-Thangmi languages form a sub-unit of the Mahakiranti languages , which belong to the Tibetan Burman languages , a primary branch of Sinotibetic . The three languages - Newar, Thangmi and Baram - are spoken by around 900,000 people in Nepal ; by far the largest language of the small genetic unit is Newari , which has been documented as a written language with 850,000 speakers since the 14th century . The other two languages - Thangmi and Baram - are more closely related to each other than to Newar. Within the Mahakiranti, the Newari-Thangmi group is related to the Kiranti and the Magar-Chepang .
Kiranti within Sino Tibetan
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Sinotibian
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Tibeto Burmese
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Mahakiranti
- Kiranti
- Magar-Chepang
- Newari thangmi
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Mahakiranti
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Tibeto Burmese
Internal classification and number of speakers
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Newari thangmi
- Newar (Newari, Nepal Bhasa) (850,000)
- Dialects: Kathmandu-Patan-Kitipur, Bakhtapur, Dolkhali, Sindhupalchok Pahari, Totali, Citlang, Baglung
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Thangmi-Baram
- Thangmi (Thami) (35,000)
- Baram (Baramu, Bhramu, Baraamu) (2,000)
- Newar (Newari, Nepal Bhasa) (850,000)
Classification and number of speakers according to the given web link.
literature
Newari Thangmi languages
- Carol Genetti: Dolakha Newar. In: G. Thurgood, RJ LaPolla: The Sino-Tibetan Languages. 2003.
- David Hargreaves: Kathmandu Newar (Nepal Bhasa). In: G. Thurgood, RJ LaPolla: The Sino-Tibetan Languages. 2003.
- David Hargreaves: Directional Prefixes in Kathmandu Newar. In: A. Saxena (Ed.): Himalayan Languages. 2004.
- Kashinath Tamot: Some Characteristics of the Tibeto-Burman Stock of Early Classical Newari. In: Ch. I. Beckwith (Ed.): Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages. 2002.
- Kashinath Tamot: A Glossary of Early Classical Tibeto-Burman Newari. In: Ch. I. Beckwith (Ed.): Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages. 2002.
- Mark Turin: Thangmi Kinship Terminology. In: A. Saxena (Ed.): Himalayan Languages. 2004.
Tibeto Burmese
- Christopher I. Beckwith (Ed.): Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages. Brill, Leiden / Boston / Cologne 2002.
- Paul K. Benedict: Sino-Tibetan. A Conspectus. Cambridge University Press, 1972.
- Scott DeLancey: Sino-Tibetan Languages. In: Bernard Comrie (Ed.): The World's Major Languages. Oxford University Press, 1990.
- Austin Hale: Research on Tibeto-Burman Languages. Mouton, Berlin / New York / Amsterdam 1982.
- James A. Matisoff: Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman. University of California Press, 2003.
- Anju Saxena (Ed.): Himalayan Languages. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2004.
- Graham Thurgood, Randy J. LaPolla: The Sino-Tibetan Languages. Routledge, London 2003.
- George Van Driem: Languages of the Himalayas. Brill, Leiden 2001.
See also
Web links
- Ernst Kausen: The Classification of the Sino-Tibetan Languages. (DOC; 116 kB)