News bias
The News-bias research tries to determine the media reporting the causes of one-sidedness and political tendencies. The focus is on the relationship between the attitudes of communicators and their message selection. It has its roots in America in the 1930s and 1940s. The news bias approach is an explanatory theory of communication science related to mass communication studies. See also: Message Value , Gatekeeper Model and Framing .
A basic distinction is made between apolitical and political news bias.
Non-political bias
The apolitical include a.
- Accuracy Bias
- Sexist Bias: The reporting distorts the gender balance. Junetta Davis (1982) found that women are clearly underrepresented in reporting.
- Racial bias
- Crime bias
Political bias
One of the earliest studies of political bias came from Malcolm W. Klein and Nathan Maccobby, who examined coverage of the 1952 US presidential campaign. They were able to determine a clear connection between the editorial line of individual sheets and the coverage of the two candidates. Pro-republican media published more articles on Eisenhower, while pro-democracy papers brought their candidate Stevenson to the fore. There were differences in the presentation, the placement of articles and the size of headings, but the selection of arguments was also based on the favored candidate.
Filters - The Chomsky and Herman propaganda model
The propaganda model of Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman assumes that in the media of a capitalist society, objective reporting is prevented by an immanent, uncontrolled “filtering” of information by the mass media itself. The propaganda model was first depicted in 1988 and referred primarily to US mass media.
The five filters that distort the objectivity of news or keep unwanted news out of a medium are represented: media owners, sources of income, sources, "flak" (negative feedback, criticism), anti-communism and anti-ideology
swell
- ↑ cf. Kunczik, M. & Zipfel, A. (2005): Journalism (2nd edition). Cologne: Böhlau, p. 155
- ↑ cf. Davis, Junetta (1982): Sexist Bias in Eight newspapers. In: Journalism Quarterly 59, pp. 456-460.
- ↑ Malcolm W. Klein / Nathan Maccobby (1954): Newspaper Objectivity in the 1952 Campaign. In: Journalism Quarterly 31, pp. 285-296.
- ↑ Chomsky, Noam: Manufacturing consent: the political economy of the mass media . Updated ed. New York 2002, ISBN 0-375-71449-9 .