Open production

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Open production , “open manufacturing” or “open production” is a new model of value creation in which physical objects are developed and manufactured on the basis of openness, collaboration, networking and digitization. The model adopts principles of open design and open source .

Open manufacturing combines the following elements: new methods and tools (such as 3D printing ), new movements such as B. Makers , new institutions, networks and platforms for manufacturing and production (such as guupis or FabLabs ), as well as open source methods, software and protocols.

The digital creation of models as well as computer control of the production process using open source software and open source hardware is also a central characteristic.

The underlying philosophy arises from the open source movement , with the difference that the manufacture of physical products is in the foreground. The term is based on the concept of the democratization of technology and is embodied , among other things, by maker culture, DIY ethics and grassroots initiatives such as the hackerspaces .

The scientist Michel Bauwens defines open manufacturing as “the extension of peer production to the world of physical production”.

Redlich and Bruns define “open production” as “a new form of coordination of production systems, characterized by a superior system of coordination of information and material flows between the stakeholders in the manufacturing process”. This form of coordination encompasses the entire range of the value chain of physical goods such as development, manufacture, sales and support.

A position paper by the European Commission positions the term in relation to social innovation, open source ICT and manufacturing.

Examples

  • guupis, a German-language open production platform for the development and manufacture of hardware and software products by a network of experts.
  • Open Source Ecology , a project for the design and manufacture of industrial machines on an open source basis.
  • RepRap , a self-copying open source 3D printer.
  • Sensorica, an organization for the development of hardware products.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Michel Bauwens: The Emergence of Open Design and Open Manufacturing . In: We_magazine . tape 02 .
  2. ↑ Vasilis Kostakis, Kostas Latoufis, Minas Liarokapis, Michel Bauwens: The convergence of digital commons with local manufacturing from a degrowth perspective: Two illustrative cases . In: Journal of Cleaner Production . September 14, 2016, doi : 10.1016 / j.jclepro.2016.09.077 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed July 12, 2017]).
  3. ^ A b P. Ramsden: Making Good our Future: Exploring the New Boundaries of Open & Social Innovation in Manufacturing . Ed .: Policy paper for the European Commission. S. 5 ( ukwon.eu [PDF]).
  4. ↑ Vasilis Kostakis, Vasilis Niaros, George Dafermos, Michel Bauwens: Design global, manufacture local: Exploring the contours of an emerging productive model . In: Futures . tape 73 , October 1, 2015, p. 126–135 , doi : 10.1016 / j.futures.2015.09.001 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed July 12, 2017]).
  5. ↑ Open collaborative design - AdCiv. Retrieved July 12, 2017 (English).
  6. ^ Anna Waldman Brown: Exploring the Maker-Industrial Revolution: Will the Future of Production be local? Ed .: BRIE Working Paper. tape 2016-07 ( berkeley.edu [PDF]).
  7. ↑ T. Redlich, F.-L. Bruhns: Open Production - a new broker-based approach to interactive value creation and user manufacturing . In: 2008 Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE) . tape 4 , no. 181-189 ( openproduction.info [PDF]).