Ostracism (psychology)
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Ostracism denotes the ostracism of a group member or the threat of ostracism through the formation of consensus in groups with high cohesion . Ostracism characterized by complete ignorance and exclusion from a significant social group can cause social pain in people . The name (ostrakon = pottery shard ) is derived from a form of referendum in ancient Athens by means of described pottery shards, in which a vote could be taken on the banishment of citizens for political reasons. (Stangl, 2019).
Another definition says that ostracism is social exclusion or exclusion in social disadvantage and relegation to the margins of the group or society. By this is meant the process by which individuals or entire communities of people are systematically denied various rights, opportunities, and resources (or full access to them) which are normally available to members of another group and which are fundamental to the social Integration in certain groups are (such as housing, employment, health, civic engagement, democratic participation and due procedures, processes).
The term is used interdisciplinary in education, sociology, psychology, politics and economics.
induction
There are several ways to artificially create ostracism (e.g. for social experiments).
One of the most popular methods is the cyber-ball paradigm. This paradigm is used to conduct psychological attempts at social exclusion. The experiment consists of a ball game translated into virtual reality, in which a test person is excluded from the other ball players for no apparent reason. In previous studies it could be shown that insults and exclusion in virtual environments trigger the same emotions and cause similar physical reactions as in reality.
One of the explanations for this is that with social exclusion the four evolutionarily anchored basic social needs “social control”, “belonging”, “self-worth” and “raison d'être” are significantly threatened.
Web links
Ostracism and Discrimination: The Social Meaning of Interaction in: Friedemann W. Nerdinger, Gerhard Blickle, Niclas Schaper (2018): Arbeits- und Organizationalpsychologie p. 65 f
Individual evidence
- ↑ Werner Stangl: Ostrazismus. Retrieved April 10, 2019 .
- ^ Diploma psychologist Christian Hilscher: Social exclusion, exclusion (psychology) • PSYLEX.de. Retrieved April 10, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c Social exclusion in computer games has a negative effect on real life. In: MedMix. February 16, 2017, accessed April 10, 2019 (German).