Passaggio
As Passaggio (from Italian) is called the song a transition in his voice. Depending on the singing school and tradition, this can be the change of register from chest to mixed voice ( voix mixte ) or head voice . In Italian vocal pedagogy, however, this usually means the transition from " emissione aperta / suono aperto " (open sound production) to " emissione coperta / suono coperto " (muted sound production). The terms " aperto " (open) and " coperto " (covered) are used in both a sound aesthetic and a physiological-technical sense. Physiologically and technically, the transition from the " emissione aperta " to the " emissione coperta " primarily describes a lowering of the larynx . If the passaggio is technically poorly executed (e.g. due to untrained voices), the voice breaks, which manifests itself in garish, shrill but also in dull, airy, hoarse, and now and then in unwanted nasal tones.
On May 3, 2017, Echternach et al. High speed slow motion video of the vocal folds moving with different voices.
Possibility of confusion
Especially in historical texts of the Baroque - both on vocal and instrumental music - the term often occurs with a different meaning, mostly in the plural as " passaggi " or Italian " passaggi ". In this case, it refers to passages of fast notes, i.e. runs or coloratura , for example in the following description of Senesino's singing:
"... He sang the Allegro with a great deal of enthusiasm, and he knew how to push the running passages out in a pleasant way, with his chest, at a fair speed. ... "
Individual evidence
- ↑ Laryngeal evidence for the first and second passaggio in professionally trained sopranos PLOS ONE, May 3, 2017, accessed May 3, 2017. - (English)
- ↑ Many roads lead to the top orf.at, May 3, 2017, accessed May 3, 2017.
- ↑ Quantz, Johann Joachim : Mr. Johann Joachim Quantzens curriculum vitae, designed by himself. In: Marpurg, Friedrich Wilhelm : Historical-Critical Contributions to the Recording of Music , Vol. 1, St. 3, Verlag Schützens, Berlin 1754, p. 213.