Phyllody
Phyllodie [from the Greek phyllōdēs = leaf-like] or Verlaubung denotes a flower malformation; in the affected flowers, foliage leaves develop instead of individual or all of the flower organs (sepals, corolla, fruit and stamens). It was already described in literature by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe for roses. The cause of phyllodes, which have now been documented for numerous other plant species, is a change in the regulation of genes that determine the identity of flower organs. The altered gene activities can in turn be traced back to altered phytohormone concentrations or sugar contents. Favorable factors are phytoplasm infestation, drought and - in the case of roses - increased summer temperatures during the development of the flower buds. Phyllodes could be promoted in millet with the administration of the phytohormone gibberellic acid. Mutants from Arabidopsis in which genes for the formation of petals, fruit leaves and stamens are inactive; the corresponding flower organs are replaced by vegetative leaves. In the green rose , which has the same type of phyllody, homologous genes are likely defective.
Web links
- Pflanzenenkrankheiten.ch: Phyllody in white and red clover
Individual evidence
- ↑ JW Goethe: The metamorphosis of plants. Gotha 1790, Plate XVIII. (With publication ue Nachw. Von Dorothea Kuhn. Acta Humaniora, Weinheim 1984, ISBN 3-527-17507-5 )
- ^ S. Sim, A. Rowhani, D. Golino: Phyllody in roses. In: American Rose. 38 (18), 2004, pp. 32-34.
- ↑ P. Pracros, J. Renaudin, S. Eveillard, A. Mouras, M. Hernould: Tomato flower abnormalities induced by stolbur phytoplasma infection are associated with changes of gene expression during flower development. In: Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions. 19, 2006, pp. 62-68.