Primary touch effect
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The primary contact effect (also dental contact or "Germanic spirant regulation before t") is a sound change phenomenon in weak verbs in consonantism from the field of linguistic theory of forms. The law explains the loss of a speech sound in one word. A voiced plosive in the stem already lost its tone in the Indo-European phase when it was followed by a voiceless plosive in the ending. ("Assimilation of the stem-final voiced plosives to the voiceless plosives of the following suffixes")
- In Original Germanic, the Indo-European elements {bt, gt, gs, dt} are articulated as {ft, xt, xs, ss}. This development runs in contrast to the statement of Grimm's law about the first sound shift, which requires {pt, kt, ks, tt}.
geb-en - Gift
- In Indo-European, again, there was assimilation of stem-end voiced plosives:
lat. scribere 'schreiben' - scriptum 'Schrift'
- The term primary contact refers to this clash of sounds . By applying the first sound shift now switched {p, k} the unvoiced plosives in a corresponding unvoiced fricative {f, x} ( "assimilatory Frikativierung of the closure")
idg. *skabt- > *skapt- > urgerm. *skaft- > ahd. gi- scaft 'Geschöpf'
- The same applies to the transformation of {dt, tt}:
idg. *sed-tos > *sestos > lat. sessus 'Sitzen'
- Guttural sounds (gk ck) before t mutate into the voiceless fricative h, so regular verbs with a stem ending in a guttural have an h in the past tense at the end of the stem syllable:
mhd: decken – dahte / gedaht mhd: mugen – mohte / gemoht mhd: würken – worhte / geworht