Backwardness

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In radical constructivism, back-reference describes the fact that human cognition also has a subjective component that affects the cognitive process: the knowing subject influences what it recognizes through the cognitive process itself, without usually noticing this process. The objective reality is therefore always somewhat withdrawn from human knowledge. The term back-reference was introduced into the discussion by the Austrian communication scientist and psychotherapist Paul Watzlawick .

Footnotes

1. ^ Paul Watzlawick: Self-fulfilling Prophecies. In: P. Watzlawick (Ed.): The invented reality. How do we know what we think we know? Contributions to constructivism. Piper, Munich 1985, pp. 91-110.