Italian Republic
The Italian Republic usually refers to today's Italy , which was established in 1946 and whose official name is Repubblica Italiana ( German Italian Republic ). Occasionally, a distinction is made between the First Republic and the Second Republic (since reforms and restructuring of the 1990s, see Tangentopoli or Mani pulite ).
Historically, two short-lived state foundations in northern Italy were also referred to as the Italian Republic :
- The Italian Republic (previously: Cisalpine Republic ) was re-established after temporary loss (1799–1801) by Napoléon Bonaparte in 1802 alongside other subsidiary republics of the First French Republic (1793–1799) and finally in 1805 - the year after Napoléon was proclaimed Emperor of the French - converted into the Kingdom of Italy (until 1814).
- The Italian Social Republic was established by Benito Mussolini in 1943 with German support.