Recentralization

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Recentralization is a term that brings together technical concepts that developed in the late 1990s in response to the economic consequences of client-server technology .

In the field of IT infrastructures, one speaks of recentralization when the decentralized services are brought together in an existing client-server infrastructure at a reduced number of locations (usually data centers).

The goals of centralization can be:

• the improvement of service levels
• the reduction of costs
• the increase in cost transparency

This is achieved by increasing the efficiency of the use of high-quality technical systems in such a way that the infrastructure fulfills user requirements more flexibly and cost-effectively than fully decentralized systems allow.

This recentralization can affect both the systems themselves and the management of systems.

Characteristics of recentralization can be:

• Central management of decentralized software (software distribution)
• Reduction of the number of servers on more powerful systems (server consolidation).
• Use of internet technologies

Internet technologies are usually used in connection with the use of intranet portals and intra ASP solutions (web applications, terminal servers). Since around 2002, these technologies have been supplemented by various types of virtualization concepts. These include:

• Server virtualization
• Desktop virtualization

as well as the provision of individually configured PCs (blade PC), which are operated in the data center and accessed using graphic methods ( RDP , ICA ).

The advantages of virtualization are:

• in the possibility of balancing peak loads
• in the avoidance of decentralized infrastructure elements (software distribution, etc.)

Recentralization of the surplus product

Under re-centralization and the process is understood, of a decline of so-called Asian modes of production (in Europe as feudalism called) with subsequent re-forming successful strengthening of government class , and a willingness to neueinführenden empire-building outstanding company describes. The political and administrative possibilities of appropriation (exploitation of the peasants with the aim of appropriating surplus value ) will not be completely destroyed after this decline, but will be revived in the form of a cyclical process. The acquisition of surplus value occurs through an elitist civil servant or state class, or, as was the case in Europe, through feudal landlords who acquire the surplus product through tax or lease income and thus centralize it in a certain class. The breakup of these classes, through uprisings or the size-related collapse of the empire interrupts the centralization of the surplus product and allows theoretically egalitarian (village) communities to emerge from which a new upper class develops, which in turn ensures that (re-) centralization takes place of the acquired surplus value. In Europe, such a re-centralization was prevented in the Middle Ages for various reasons. a. contributed to the enforcement of the competitive conditions and to the increase in mass consumption and thus to the development of capitalism .

Various reasons that helped prevent recentralization in Europe:

• The fractionation of the landlord class who appropriated the surplus product as individuals from the farmers who were resident on their lands. As a result, there were already individual incentives to increase productivity , since a higher surplus product benefited the individual landlord. (In contrast to a civil servant class who appropriate the surplus product through taxes and there is no individual increase in income through an increase in productive strength)
• This was determined by the extensive commercialization of the land, which began in antiquity after the collapse of Western Rome .
• The high status of inheritance law meant that land ownership was more widely distributed and that there was no exact match between state officials and landowners.
• A fractionation of the ruling class due to a permanent conflict between papacy and empire.
• As well as the accompanying possibility of greater independence for the cities.