Ringkloster (archaeological site)

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Location on Skanderborg Sø

Ringkloster is a late Mesolithic settlement of the Ertebölle culture in Denmark . In contrast to most other sites, it is inland.

location

The settlement is located in the municipality of Skanderborg in eastern Jutland , about 14 km from today's coast on the banks of Skanderborg Sø , a partially silted lake.

Research history

Ring monastery was excavated in 1975 by Søren H. Anderson (Aarhus).

settlement

The settlement is approx. 200 × 75 m in size. The lakeshore was used as a garbage heap.

Animal bones were used as evidence of seasonal use. The dental status of wild boars shows that they were used in spring, just like the newborn deer and fawns and the bones of some migratory birds . Since a high number of pine martens were found which are believed to have been hunted for the fur that is of the best quality in winter, this was taken as evidence of winter use. Andersen interpreted the settlement as an autumn and winter camp, while the residents spent the summer on the coast. Rowley-Conwy assumes, however, that it is a specialized hunting camp, in which the residents of several camps may meet. A renewed analysis of the animal bones, especially the teeth, by Carter shows, however, that animals were also killed in the summer, so the settlement could have been inhabited all year round. Harris suggested that the fawns may have been hunted at this specific time for their spotted fur.

Finds

The flint industry is dominated by scratches, plus drills, toothed pieces and cross cutters, but hatchets are rare. Antler artefacts were also frequent, and waste is evidence of processing on site. In addition to the usual bone tips, there are curved skinning knives made of ribs. The finds include a Holmegård arch. It is made of elm wood. Another broke off at the transition to the handle. Arrow shafts were made of hazel. The ceramics are characterized by small triangular, round or rectangular stitch decorations, a style that can also be found in Rosenhof, Flynderhage and Löddesborg , among others . Numerous flint devices were also found. Whale bones and oyster shells used as scrapers show contacts with the coast. Amber was also found.

Economy

The diet was based on hunting and catching freshwater fish. Among the mammalian bones, the wild boar predominates (1070 bones), followed by red deer (229) and Ur (105). Fur hunting also played a role; the bones of pine marten, weasel, wolf, fox, lynx, wildcat, otter, badger and beaver were found. Traps could have been used for hunting, as some marten skulls show symmetrical debris fractures. A fish fence in the Skanderborg lake was used for fishing . A paddle made of lime wood is used for inland navigation, probably also for fishing or perhaps for hunting waterfowl. The bones or bones of dolphins, cod, flounder and saithe show that food was also brought here from the coast.

Plants were also used for nutrition, for example the fruits of the hawthorn .

literature

  • Andersen, Søren H. 1975: Ring monastery: en jysk inllandsboplads med Ertebøllekultur. Kuml 1973-74, 10-108 (English summary).
  • Andersen, Søren H. 1988: The Early Stone Age. In dam. A. (Ed.), Danish prehistory at Moesgård. Arhus, Kannike Tryk AIS.
  • Andersen, Søren H. 1994/95: Ring Monastery. Ertebolle trappers and wild board hunters in eastern Jutland. A survey. Journal of Danish Archeology 12, 13-39.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sören H. Andersen, The Early Stone Age. In: dam. A. (Ed.), Danish prehistory at Moesgård. Arhus, Kannike Tryk AIS 1988.
  2. ↑ Peter Rowley-Conwy, Mesolithic Danish bacon: permanent and temporary sites in the Danish Mesolithic. In: Alison Sheridan, Geoff Bailey (Ed.) Economic archeology, Towards an integration of ecological and social approaches . Oxford, BAR International Series 96, 1981, 51-55; Peter Rowley-Conwy, Meat, furs and skins: Mesolithic animal bones from Ringkloster, a seasonal hunting camp in Jutland. Journal of Danish Archeology 12, 1984/85, 87-98.
  3. Jump up ↑ Richard J. Carter, Dental indicators of seasonal human presence at the Danish Boreal sites of Holmegaard I, IV and V and Mullerup and the Atlantic sites of Tybrind Vig and Ringkloster. Holocene 11/3, 2001, 359-365
  4. ↑ Susanna Harris, Sensible Dress: the Sight, Sound, Smell and Touch of Late Ertebølle Mesolithic Cloth Types. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 24/01, 2014, 44.
  5. ↑ Søren H. Andersen, Ringkloster, Ertebølle trappers and wild boar hunters in eastern Jutland A survey. Journal of Danish Archeology 12, 2005, 13
  6. ↑ Eva-Maria Mertens, linden, elm, hazel. For the use of plants for hunting and fishing equipment in the Mesolithic in Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein. Prehistoric Journal 75/1, 2000, Fig. 3.5.
  7. ↑ Eva-Maria Mertens, linden, elm, hazel. For the use of plants for hunting and fishing equipment in the Mesolithic in Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein. Prehistoric Journal 75/1, 2000, Tab. 1.
  8. ↑ Eva-Maria Mertens, linden, elm, hazel. For the use of plants for hunting and fishing equipment in the Mesolithic in Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein. Prehistoric Journal 75/1, 2000, 8.
  9. ↑ Eva-Maria Mertens, linden, elm, hazel. For the use of plants for hunting and fishing equipment in the Mesolithic in Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein. Prehistoric Journal 75/1, 2000, Tab. 2.
  10. ↑ Kristina Jennbert, The Neolithisation in southern Scandinavia. Prehistoric Journal 63 / 1–2, 17 f., DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/prhz.1988.63.1-2.1
  11. ^ H. Juel Jensen, A preliminary analysis of blade scrapers from Ringkloster, a Danish Late Mesolithic site. In: D. Cahen (Ed.), Tailler! pour quoi faire: Préhistoire et technologie lithique II. Recent progress in microwear studies (Studia Praehistorica Belgica 2), Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Tervuren 1982, 323–327.
  12. ^ Lars Larsson, The Mesolithic of Southern Scandinavia. Journal of World Prehistory 4/3, 1990, 279
  13. ↑ Søren H. Andersen, Ringkloster, Ertebølle trappers and wild boar hunters in eastern Jutland A survey. Journal of Danish Archeology 12, 2005, 13
  14. ^ Gail Larsen Peterkin, Mesolithic Cultures. In: Encyclopedia of Archeology. Elsevier 2008, 1251
  15. ↑ IB Enghoff, regionality and biotope exploitation in Danish Ertebølle and adjoining periods. Scientia Danica, Series B, Biologica 1, 2011. The Royal Danish Academy of Science and Letters, Copenhagen, quoted from Lasse Sørensen, From Hunter to Farmer in Northern Europe, Migration and Adaptation during the Neolithic and Bronze Age . Acta Archaeologica Acta Archaeologica Supplementa 85/2, 2014, Table 3.
  16. ↑ Jane Richter, Selective hunting of pine marten, Martes martes, in Late Mesolithic Denmark. Journal of Archaeological Science 32, 2005, 1224
  17. Jump up ↑ Sören H. Andersen, Ringkloster, Ertebolle trappers and wild board hunters in eastern Jutland, a survey. Journal of Danish Archeology 12, 1994/95, 13-39, quoted from Jane Richter, Selective hunting of pine marten, Martes martes, in Late Mesolithic Denmark. Journal of Archaeological Science 32, 2005, 1223-1231.
  18. ↑ Eva-Maria Mertens, linden, elm, hazel. For the use of plants for hunting and fishing equipment in the Mesolithic in Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein. Prehistoric Journal 75/1, 2000, 34
  19. ^ Eva-Maria Mertens, linden tree, elm, hazel, on the use of plants for hunting and fishing equipment in the Mesolithic of Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein. Prehistoric Journal 75/1, 2000, Tab. 1
  20. ↑ Søren H. Andersen, Ringkloster, Ertebølle trappers and wild boar hunters in eastern Jutland A survey. Journal of Danish Archeology 12, 2005, 13
  21. ↑ T. Douglas Price, Anne Birgitte Gebauer, Signe Ulfeldt Hede, Charlotte Sedlacek, Larsen, Nanna Noe-Nygaard, Sarah LR Mason, Jens Nielsen, David Perry, Smakkerup Huse: A Mesolithic Settlement in NW Zealand, Denmark. Journal of Field Archeology 28, 1/2, 2001, 56. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/318145956

Coordinates: 56 ° 0 '11.2 "  N , 9 ° 58' 1.9"  E