Sanctioning (taxonomy)

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The sanctioning automatically gives priority to a scientific name of a mushroom species over an older name and thus overrides the priority rule of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants (ICN) . The anterior rule automatically gives precedence to an older name, that is, a name that was published earlier. The sanctioning overrides this rule. The sanctioning protects a younger and well-established name from being replaced by an older, but completely uncommon name. If the sanctioned name has already been introduced by another author earlier, this older use is treated as an older homonym of the valid name. The sanctioning is regulated in Article 13.1 and Article 15 of the ICN.

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The purpose of the sanctioning is to mitigate the serious consequences of the "Sydney Code" passed at the 13th International Botanical Congress in Sydney in 1981. At this conference, the starting date for the validity of scientific mushroom names was set for May 1, 1753. On this day the first volume of Carl von Linné's work Species Plantarum was published. Previously, the starting time for Uredinales, Ustilaginales and Gasteromycetes, i.e. rust fungi , smut fungi and belly fungi in the broadest sense, was on December 31, 1801 and for the other fungi on January 1, 1821. The sanctions are regulated in Article 13.1d of the ICN. According to this, all names that name a rust, smut or belly mushroom are considered sanctioned if they were published in Christian Hendrik Persoon's Synopsis methodica fungorum . For the remaining fungi, E. M. Friese's works Systema mycologicum Vol. 1–3 and the additional indices (1832) and his work Elenchus fungorum Vol. 1–2 are authoritative. The decisions made at the Sydney conference were seen as a major mistake, especially by European mycologists, the taxonomic consequences of which can still be felt today.

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If you want to point out that a name has been sanctioned by Persoon or Fries, you can do this by adding the abbreviation ": Fr." or ": Pers" to the author's quote (with a colon in front of the author's quote). This is regulated in the ICN in recommendation 50E.2. Example: Russula consobrina , the soot-gray blubber, is given as follows: Russula consobrina (Fr .: Fr.) Fr.

"Fr." is the author's abbreviation for EM Fries. This has the fungus for the first time in 1818 under the name Agaricus consobrinus described , by mentioning in his Systema mycologicum he has sanctioned this name before the fungus in the genus Russula turned and gave him through this new combination of its currently valid name. The indication of the author of the sanction is only a recommendation and can also be omitted.

credentials