Schistosoma reflexum
A Schistosoma reflexum (Schistosoma from ancient Greek σχιστος schistos 'split' and from Latin reflecto 'bend back') is a congenital malformation syndrome that is characterized by exposed viscera, strong backward bending and stiffening ( ankylosis ) of the spine and stiffening of the arthrogrypal joints .
distribution
This malformation occurs particularly frequently in cattle, but also in sheep and goats and other animal species. Similar malformations have also been described in humans.
root cause
Genetic defects are suspected to be the cause, but there is still no definitive confirmation. A study of the frequency in Czech Holstein Friesian cattle showed a clear accumulation in certain lineages.
pathology
The formation of a gap extends over the entire abdomen and usually also the chest. Sometimes the pelvis is also split on the abdomen. The lumbar spine is stiffened and bent back, as are the ribs. The outer skin merges with the sheep skin ( amnion ) at the edge of the fissure in the body . The diaphragm is usually absent or only rudimentary and the lungs are underdeveloped. The bowels of the abdominal cavity and usually the chest are exposed. If, in addition to the formation of a gap, there is a rotation around the longitudinal axis, one speaks of a Schistosoma contortum . The fetuses are viable until birth .
clinic
A Schistosoma reflexum usually represents an absolute obstacle to childbirth. Either a fetotomy (fragmentation of the fruit) or a cesarean section (caesarean section) is performed to remove the obstacle .
literature
- Franz Benesch: Obstetrics for cattle and horses . A practical guide for veterinarians and students 1947. Urban & Schwarzenberg / Vienna
- University of Leipzig: Pathology of Birth Birth disorders on the part of the fruit (s) (PDF; 1.3 MB)
- Gurlt's collection of the Institute for Veterinary Pathology at the Free University of Berlin Malformations of the trunk
Individual evidence
- ^ 1. Pedigree Analysis of Czech Holstein Calves with Schistosoma Reflexum. Jindrich Citek Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, South Bohemia University, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica (Impact Factor: 1). 04/2012; 54:22. doi : 10.1186 / 1751-0147-54-22 .
