Chinese-style socialism
Socialism with Chinese characteristics ( Zhōngguó tèsè shèhuìzhǔyì中国 特色 社会主义) is a term created by the Chinese Communist Party .
definition
The construction of “socialism with Chinese characteristics” assumes that China is still in the “initial stage of socialism”, as was explained at the party congresses in 1987 and again in 1997. His “fundamental task” is the “liberation of the productive forces” (i.e. their forced development) under the premise of “two fundamental points”: on the one hand, the “four fundamental principles” - adherence to the socialist path, to the leadership of the Communist Party, to the “Democratic dictatorship of the people” as well as Marxism-Leninism and the Mao-Zedong ideas - and on the other hand the “ reform and opening policy ”, which was presented at the 3rd plenary session of the XI. Central Committee was promulgated in December 1978.
History and meaning
Deng Xiaoping used the term on the XII. Congress in 1982, but it did not provide a definition of the phrase, it also played a minor role and did not appear in the main document of the congress, the Hu Yaobang Report . In 1984 a collection of essays by Deng Xiaoping appeared under the title Building a Socialism with Chinese Characteristics ( Jiànshè yǒu Zhōngguó tèsè shèhuìzhǔyì «建设 有 中国 特色 社会主义»).
On the XIII. At the Congress of the Communist Party of China in October 1987, the structure of a “socialism with Chinese characteristics” was formulated somewhat by Zhao Ziyang , declared a “theory” and elevated to the status of a state ideology, although it was rather a vague collection of different concepts showing deviations from the political line under Mao Zedong or even the development towards capitalism under the rule of the Communist Party of China.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ So the official German translation; sometimes based on English also “socialism with Chinese characteristics”, e.g. B. at Kay Möller: The Foreign Policy of the People's Republic of China 1949-2004. An introduction . VS Verlag, 2006, p. 128. Thomas Schwinn: The diversity and unity of modernity. Comparative cultural and structural analysis . VS-Verlag. 2006, p. 161. Vanessa Hochrein: China's way into the modern age. GRIN Verlag , 2007, p. 14.
- ↑ Sebastian Heilmann: The political system of the People's Republic of China . 2nd Edition. VS-Verlag, Wiesbaden 2004, p. 70.
- ^ Martin Kittlaus: Ideology and socialist market economy in the PR China. Contribution to structural functionalist systems research with a policy field analysis of urban real estate in the nineties . LIT Verlag, Berlin / Hamburg / Münster 2002, p. 118 f. Zhāng Sùyún 张素云: Zhōngguó tèsè shèhuìzhǔyì dàolù de tèzhēng 中国 特色 社会主义 道路 的 特征 Liáoníng rìbào 辽宁 日报 / Zhōngguó gòngchǎndǎng xīnwén wǎng 中国 共产党 新闻 网, November 7, 2007.
- ^ H. Lyman Miller: Science and Dissent in Post-Mao China. The Politics of Knowledge . University of Washington Press, 1996, p. 47 f.
- ^ Alan R. Kluver: Legitimating the Chinese Economic Reforms. A Rhetoric of Myth and Orthodoxy . State University of New York Press, 1996, p. 63.
- ^ H. Lyman Miller: Science and Dissent in Post-Mao China. The Politics of Knowledge . University of Washington Press, 1996, p. 46 f.
- ↑ Joe CB Leung, Richard C. Nann: Authority and Benevolence. Social Welfare in China . Chinese University Press, Hong Kong 1995, p. 28; Alan R. Kluver: Legitimating the Chinese Economic Reforms. A Rhetoric of Myth and Orthodoxy . State University of New York Press, 1996, pp. 63, 106 f.
- ^ Mobo CF Gao: Gao Village. A Portrait of Rural Life in Modern China . Hong Kong University Press, 1999, p. 3.
- ^ Alan R. Kluver: Legitimating the Chinese Economic Reforms. A Rhetoric of Myth and Orthodoxy . State University of New York Press, 1996, p. 110.
- ^ H. Lyman Miller: Science and Dissent in Post-Mao China. The Politics of Knowledge . University of Washington Press, 1996, p. 47.
- ↑ Satyananda J. Gabriel: Chinese capitalism and the modernist vision . Routledge, 2006, p. 155.