Stampede
Stampede [ stæmˈpiːd ] originally referred to an abrupt escape movement within a herd of animals that affects the entire herd and makes it uncontrollable. The name was later transferred to the dynamics of crowds, especially mass panics . The word is occasionally used with both meanings in German-language publications.
The name Stampede is derived from the Mexican-Spanish word estampida , which is equivalent, and came from American English into German usage. Stampedes were a dreaded phenomenon in the western United States at the time of the large herds of cattle and are therefore also a recurring plot element in Wild West novels and films , for example in Red River (1948). In the western United States and Canada , Stampede today also describes a folk festival with rodeo , exhibitions, competitions and dance, such as the Calgary Stampede .
The cause of a herd breakout cannot always be determined. Various forms of alarm can trigger the behavior, such as people, sources of noise, or predators. Troubled herd animals can also trigger a herd's sudden escape behavior . In the dark, a stampede can be triggered particularly easily if the animals cannot see the processes taking place around them. In areas with a dense traffic network, breaking out herds of animals can get onto roads and cause accidents.
Mass movements in crowds of injured and dead people are often caused by unsuitable behavior or inadequate protective measures in managing the crowds.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Faisel T. Illiyas et al .: Human stampedes during religious festivals. In: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. Volume 5, 2013, pp. 10-18, doi: 10.1016 / j.ijdrr.2013.09.003
- ^ Stampede . In: Broder Carstensen and Ulrich Busse: Anglicisms dictionary: the influence of English on German vocabulary after 1945. Walter de Gruyter publishing house, Berlin and New York 2001. Volume 3, p. 1399.
- ↑ Herd of the nature conservation station decimated - 40 dead sheep after wolf attack near Niesky
- ↑ Car crashes into runaway horses
- ^ Fay E. Ward: The cowboy at work , Courier Dover Publications, 2003
- ↑ Evening newspaper: 500 sheep run on the road - more than 30 are run over
- ↑ Amanda Ripley: How not to get trampled at the inauguration.