Sum'ay

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Sum'ay (also Sama'ay and the like; old South Arabic s 1 mʿy ) was a kingdom and later tribe in the west of the old South Arabian empire of Saba , in the Yemeni highlands. The name comes from the tribe Sama or its tribal god Sama , who lived around the 4th century BC. Was replaced by Ta'lab . One of the administrative centers was Ḥāz .

history

In the early days of Old South Arabia, the area of ​​Sum'ay was apparently part of Saba, as the place names in texts from that time show. Presumably it came along with the other vassals of Saba around 400 BC. In independence. The first mention of the resulting kingdom Sum'ay comes from the government of Yah'in Dhubyan, king of Sum'ay and vassal of the Sabaean king Karib'il Watar II. ( Hermann von Wissmann : around 295 BC; Kenneth A Kitchen : around 200–180 BC). His son Sumhu'afaq only held the office of qail ("Vogt") of Sum'ay and was thus completely dependent on Saba. Since then, Sum'ay has only appeared as a Sabaean tribe ruled by several local royal houses. One of these, the House of the Hamdanids , represented some Sabaean kings in the late 2nd and early 3rd centuries AD, which made Sum'ay temporarily gain political importance. After Himyar had finally prevailed against Saba in the middle of the 3rd century AD, Sum'ay became meaningless.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hermann von Wissmann : The history of the Sabaean empire and the campaign of Aelius Gallus , in: Hildegard Temporini: Rise and decline of the Roman world. II. Principate. Volume ninth, first half volume , De Gruyter, Berlin, New York 1976 ISBN 3-11-006876-1 , p. 389
  2. ^ KA Kitchen: The World of Ancient Arabia Series. Documentation for Ancient Arabia. Part I. Chronological Framework & Historical Sources. Liverpool, 1994, p. 202
  3. ↑ Inscription: CIH 37
  4. ↑ Inscription: RES 4624

literature

  • Hermann von Wissmann : On the history and regional studies of old South Arabia ( Eduard Glaser Collection , No. III = Austrian Academy of Sciences, philosophical-historical class, meeting reports , volume 246). Böhlau, Vienna, 1964, especially p. 276 ff.