Synset

Synset is an English term for semantics , more specifically lexicography . It is about the formation of word fields and concept fields by combining synonyms to form a field, a "concept" (in the sense of a concept). In terms of content , a synset corresponds to a synonym ring .

Distinctions

A distinction is made between lexical and conceptual (conceptual) relationships (relations) within a synset.

Lexical relationships

(a) the meaning identity or similarity of meaning ( synonymy ),

(b) the opposite of meaning ( antonymy ) and (c) etymological relationships.

Conceptual relationships

(a) the relationship between generic and subordinate concepts ( hyperonymy / hyponymy or superordination / subordination ;

(b) the relationship of a part to a whole ( meronymy / holonymy ); (c) the causal relationship (cause and effect).

software

The Natural Language Toolkit contains tools that enable different queries about Synsets using WordNet . The example below in the programming language Python imports WordNet and then outputs the synset for "motorcar". Then the word field for the determined synset "car.n.01" is determined with the method lemma_names () and output.

import nltk
from nltk.corpus import wordnet as wn
print(wn.synsets('motorcar'))
# Ausgabe: [Synset('car.n.01')]

print(wn.synset('car.n.01').lemma_names())
# Ausgabe: ['car', 'auto', 'automobile', 'machine', 'motorcar']

literature

Claudia Kunze: Semantic Relation Types in GermaNet . In: Stefan Langer, Daniel Schnorbusch: Semantics in the Lexicon (Tübingen Contributions to Linguistics; Vol. 479). Narr, Tübingen 2005, pp. 161–178 (164 f.), ISBN 3-8233-6099-X ( semantics in the lexicon of google books)

Individual evidence

↑ Kunze, in: Langer / Schnorbusch, Semantik im Lexikon (2005), p. 161 (164), example: {Hast, Eile}
↑ more precisely: morphosemantic relations derived_from and participle, cf. Kunze, in: Langer / Schnorbusch, Semantik im Lexikon (2005), p. 165
^ Steven Bird, Ewan Klein, and Edward Loper: Natural Language Processing with Python - Analyzing Text with the Natural Language Toolkit. In: Accessing Text Corpora and Lexical Resources. Accessed April 13, 2020 (English).

[1] Kunze, in: Langer / Schnorbusch, Semantik im Lexikon (2005), p. 161 (164), example: {Hast, Eile}

[2] re precisely: morphosemantic relations derived_from and participle, cf. Kunze, in: Langer / Schnorbusch, Semantik im Lexikon (2005), p. 165

[3] Steven Bird, Ewan Klein, and Edward Loper: Natural Language Processing with Python - Analyzing Text with the Natural Language Toolkit. In: Accessing Text Corpora and Lexical Resources. Accessed April 13, 2020 (English).