Meronymy
Meronymy (loan word from Greek: μέρος méros (i.e. part ) + -nymie) is a term from linguistics and denotes a part-whole relationship. It also plays a role in computer science and is the subject of philosophical consideration.
Meronym is to be distinguished from the more colloquial term " partial term ".
Linguistics
Meronymy (also: part-whole relationship ) is a paradigmatic “hierarchical” semantic relation between lexemes (words, concepts), which is based on the fact that a lexeme describes something that is part of another (“whole”), that of called another lexeme. A lexeme is thus in the relationship of meronymy to another lexeme ( is meronym ) if its referent is part of the referent of the other lexeme.
Synonym is also called a partitive relation or a part-of relationship .
The inversion of this relation is called holonymy
Instead of meronymy, the part-whole relationship is often used in German . More precisely, this is a generic term for both meronymy and converse holonymy.
The lexeme (the word) that designates the object that is part is called meronym (also: partonym), the lexeme of the whole holonym (also: parteronym).
Examples:
- Finger is meronym by hand . Hand is holonym of finger .
- Hubcap > car wheel > car body > Car
- Doorknob > door > house (?> Settlement> district> city ...)
The part-whole relationship depends on the relationship of hyponymy or hyperonymy , i.e. H. to distinguish from the relationship of a sub-term to a generic term.
In contrast to hyponymy , meronymy can rarely skip a step:
- ? The house has a handle.
In some cases it is generally assumed that meronymy linguistically requires an "immediacy of the relation". For this reason, the following example becomes "questionable":
- The wheel nut is part of the car
Due to the requirement of immediacy, meronymy is not identical with real part-whole relationships and is a “linguistically relevant phenomenon”.
In the meronymy relationship, part-whole relationships of the physical world are in the foreground. In GermaNet , the part-whole relationship is “only coded for nouns” and part-whole relationships are only recorded in Konkreta .
A further example would then be:
- Case is a part of declension .
A meronymy is also assumed for verbs; So there is not only a spatial but also a temporal inclusion.
- Example: bloom - bloom ; run off - run .
In detail, however, it is questionable whether there is really an inclusion relationship or just a temporal overlap.
Computer science
In computer science, the term meronymy is referred to as aggregation and used as a modeling term for knowledge and database applications.
philosophy
In philosophy, mereology is the subject of investigation .
literature
- Volker Harm: Introduction to Lexicology. WBG, Darmstadt 2015 (Introduction to German Studies), ISBN 978-3-534-26384-4 , pp. 73-75.
- Helmut Glück (Ed.), With the collaboration of Friederike Schmöe : Metzler Lexikon Sprache. 3rd, revised edition. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2005, ISBN 3-476-02056-8 (article: “Meronymie”).
- Mereology, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2009)
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ after Stein, Achim: Introduction to French Linguistics. 3rd edition - Metzler, Stuttgart, Weimar 2010, p. 78
- ↑ Volker Harm: Introduction to Lexicology. WBG, Darmstadt 2015 (Introduction to German Studies), ISBN 978-3-534-26384-4 , p. 74 with reference to Cruse 2002: 545
- ↑ Volker Harm: Introduction to Lexicology. WBG, Darmstadt 2015 (Introduction to German Studies), ISBN 978-3-534-26384-4 , p. 74
- ↑ Volker Harm: Introduction to Lexicology. WBG, Darmstadt 2015 (Introduction to German Studies), ISBN 978-3-534-26384-4 , p. 74
- ↑ Kunze, Claudia: Semantic Relationtypen in GermaNet - In: Langer / Schnorbusch (ed.): Semantik im Lexikon - Tübingen: Narr, 2005, p. 161 (166)
- ↑ Volker Harm: Introduction to Lexicology. WBG, Darmstadt 2015 (introduction to German studies), ISBN 978-3-534-26384-4 , p. 75 with additional information on Cruse, Lutzeier u. a.
- ↑ Volker Harm: Introduction to Lexicology. WBG, Darmstadt 2015 (Introduction to German Studies), ISBN 978-3-534-26384-4 , p. 75
- ↑ Volker Harm: Introduction to Lexicology. WBG, Darmstadt 2015 (Introduction to German Studies), ISBN 978-3-534-26384-4 , p. 75