Semantic relation

Semantic relation (also: meaning relation, meaning relation, meaning relation ) is an umbrella term for relationships that exist between the meanings of linguistic expressions (words, sentences).

Sometimes the term semantic relation is only used for the relationships of the meanings of words, sometimes only for the meaning relationships of natural language expressions (but see also semantic network ).

The semantic relations can be divided into syntagmatic compatibility relationships and paradigmatic exchange classes.

The syntagmatic compatibility relationships include:

• compatibility
• Selection restrictions
• Essential relationships of meaning

To the paradigmatic exchange classes:

• Synonymy
• Antonymy
• duality
• Hyperonymy ; Hyponymy ; Hyponym
• Incompatibility
• Complementarity
• conversion
• Paraphrase
• Meronymy
• Inference relationship

In the area of ​​the lexical semantic relation, the following are also mentioned:

• Reference identity: the case of identical reference with different meanings (classic example from Frege : the expressions morning star and evening star mean different things, but denote identical things: Venus).
• Ambiguity
• Fuzziness (language) ; Polysemy
• Contradiction ( contrast )

See also

• lexical semantics
• lexical decomposition

literature

• Volker Harm: Introduction to Lexicology. WBG, Darmstadt 2015 (Introduction to German Studies), ISBN 978-3-534-26384-4 , pp. 65–84.
• Monika Schwarz-Friesel , Jeanette Chur: Semantics (=  fool study books ). 5th edition. G. Narr, Tübingen 2007, p. 53-60 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Schwarz / Chur, Semantik, 5th edition (2007), ISBN 978-3-8233-6296-8 , p. 53
2. ↑ Hadumod Bußmann (Ed.): Lexicon of Linguistics. 3rd updated and expanded edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-520-45203-0 (semantic relation).
3. ↑ ^{a b c} So Hadumod Bußmann (ed.): Lexicon of Linguistics. 3rd updated and expanded edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-520-45203-0 (semantic relation).
4. ↑ Schwarz / Chur, Semantik, 5th edition (2007), ISBN 978-3-8233-6296-8 , p. 53 ff.
5. ↑ See Monika Schwarz, Jeanette Chur: Semantik. - 5th edition - G. Narr, Tübingen 2007, p. 55 f. - Correctly, this should be a case of (only) extensional synonymy, cf. Synonymy