Turkish Constitution of 1924

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Basic data
Title: تشکیلات اساسیه قانونی
Teşkilât-ı Esasiye Kanunu
Short title: 1924 Anayasası
Number: 491
Type: Constitution
Scope: Republic of Turkey
Adoption date: April 20, 1924
Official Journal : No. 71 of May 24, 1924, p. 4 ff.
( PDF file; 3.83 MB )
Expiry: July 20, 1961
Please note the note on the applicable legal version .

The Turkish Constitution of 1924 ( Turkish 1924 Anayasası ) came into force on May 24, 1924, replacing those of 1876 and 1921 . It was the first constitution of the Republic of Turkey proclaimed on October 29, 1923 and, with various changes, was valid until July 20, 1961.

construction

The constitution consisted of 105 articles in six sections ( Fasıl / Bölüm ):

  • Art. 1–8: General provisions ( Ahkâm-ı Umumiye / Esas Hükümler )
  • Art. 9–30: The legislature ( Vazife-i Teşriiye / Yasama Görevi )
    • The Turkish Grand National Assembly was nominally the highest state organ, the MPs were the representatives of the people.
  • Art. 31–52: The Executive ( Vazife-i İcraiye / Yürütme Görevi )
    • The executive branch was formed by the prime minister and the council of enforcement officers.
  • Art. 53–67: The Judiciary ( Kuvve-i Kazaiye / Yargı Erki )
    • The courts were independent and the judges had no decision-making power.
  • Art. 68–88: Basic rights of the Turks (Turkish woman Hukuk-u Âmmesi / Turkish woman Kamu Hakları )
    • Religious freedom, freedom of expression and freedom of assembly were enshrined,
    • as well as the equality of all citizens regardless of their ethnicity, language and belief,
    • The preventive censorship of the press has been lifted.
  • Art. 89-105: Various provisions ( Mevadd-ı Müteferrika / Türlü Maddeler )

Changes

The first change took place on April 10, 1928, which among other things changed Article 2 and the sentence “The religion of the Turkish state is Islam” was deleted. Further changes followed on December 10 and 11, 1931 and 1934, respectively. This gave women, among other things, the right to vote and stand for election. In 1937 the constitution was amended twice. Law No. 3115 of February 5, 1937 enshrined the six basic principles of Kemalism in the constitution.

On January 10, 1945, the constitution was revised with Law No. 4695 in the sense of the Turkicization of the language and translated into modern Turkish . However, this revision was repealed by Law No. 5997 of December 24, 1952, which restored the constitution to its pre-1945 form.

literature

Web links