Textile testing

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The term textile test is usually understood as a collective term for examinations and tests on textile materials. This includes the physical tests, which are often referred to as mechanical-technological processes, the chemical tests and the textile microscopic tests of the textile raw materials , semi-finished and finished products before, during and after their manufacture with the most suitable test method in each case , whether the test material meets the requirements will suffice to which it will be exposed in its further use. It serves as a means of production and delivery control, technical development work and the neutral decision of official test centers.

The parameters determined by the test procedure indicate the parameters and properties as characteristic features of textile structures (fibers, tapes, yarns, textile fabrics, ready-made clothing and carpets). In order to ensure that the test results of different laboratories and laboratory technicians are comparable and reproducible, almost all textile tests have been standardized.

However, the values ​​of these parameters obtained for a textile material are not constants, but fluctuate around an average value, which is why several tests are always to be carried out to identify a certain feature. Therefore, a mean value that can be assessed must be obtained using mathematical-statistical methods.

The test environment has a major influence on the results of the test on textile materials. The test climate in the test room plays a particularly important role here, as the properties of textile materials depend on humidity and temperature. Many fibers are hygroscopic . The moisture absorbed from the environment changes the physical properties. To ensure the reproducibility and comparability of the textile physical parameters, tests must be carried out on test samples with a defined initial state in a normal climate . The normal climate is defined in the standard DIN EN ISO 139: Textiles - normal climate for sample preparation and testing. The normal climate of the temperate zones is defined with the temperature (20 ± 2) ° C and with the relative humidity (65 ± 4)%.

In order to assess the quality or to state the condition of a similar amount of a textile material, it is generally not possible to check the entire amount for which the evaluation result should apply. Many test methods change or destroy the textiles examined so that they can no longer be used for the intended purpose. One must therefore take small partial quantities, the samples, from the total quantity to be assessed, the population, for the investigation. The subset must represent the total amount. The practical implementation of sampling is regulated by the standard DIN EN 12751: Textiles - Sampling of fibers, yarns and textile fabrics for tests.

The following documents of the Saxon Textile Research Institute refer to the essential textile physical test methods for fiber , filament and thread material ( [1] ) and for textile fabrics ( [2] ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stefan Mecheels, Herbert Vogler, Josef Kurz: Culture and industrial history of textiles . Wachter GmbH, Bönnigheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-9812485-3-1 , p. 573.
  2. ^ Alois Kießling, Max Matthes: Textile - specialist dictionary. Fachverlag Schiele & Schön, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-7949-0546-6 , p. 377.
  3. ↑ Herbert Sommer, Friedrich Winkler (Ed.): The examination of textiles . Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg / Göttingen 1960, p. 277.
  4. ↑ Thomas Gries, Dieter Veit, Burkhardt Wulfhorst: Textile manufacturing processes - An introduction. 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-446-44057-9 , p. 345.
  5. ↑ Ralf-Dieter Reumann (Ed.): Test methods in textile and clothing technology . Springer, 2000, ISBN 3-540-66147-6 , ISBN 978-3-540-66147-4 , p. 1.
  6. ↑ Ralf-Dieter Reumann (Ed.): Test methods in textile and clothing technology . Springer, 2000, ISBN 3-540-66147-6 , ISBN 978-3-540-66147-4 , p. 7.
  7. ↑ Thomas Gries, Dieter Veit, Burkhardt Wulfhorst: Textile manufacturing processes - An introduction. 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-446-44057-9 , p. 346.
  8. ↑ Hilmar Fuchs, Wilhelm Albrecht (Ed.): Nonwovens - Raw materials, production, application, properties, testing. 2nd edition, Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim 2012, ISBN 978-3-527-31519-2 , p. 650.
  9. ↑ Chokri Cherif (Ed.): Textile materials for lightweight construction - Techniques - Process - Materials - Properties. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-642-17991-4 , p. 516.
  10. ↑ Ralf-Dieter Reumann (Ed.): Test methods in textile and clothing technology . Springer, 2000, ISBN 3-540-66147-6 , ISBN 978-3-540-66147-4 , p. 26.