Twinspan
Twinspan (Two-Way-INdicator-Species-ANalysis) is a popular software for analyzing vegetation images . Twinspan was written and published in 1979 by MO Hill, Ecology and Systematics Section of Cornell University , as a FORTRAN program.
Vegetation surveys usually consist of lists of species to which information on the occurrence or frequency of occurrence of the species (abundance, cover) is assigned. For the vegetation-scientific analysis several such species lists are considered simultaneously. This results in a multivariate data structure, since the individual recordings can now also be examined to determine which species occur. If the recordings are referred to abstractly as "individuals" and the information on the occurrence of species as properties (or attributes ) of the individuals, Twinspan generates a two-dimensional classification of the entire data set of the individuals and attributes. Twinspan essentially transforms the plant-sociological raw table into the pure table in an algorithmically strictly traceable way. Twinspan was the first such software.
A Windows version was created in collaboration with the Center for Ecology and Hydrology at the University of South Bohemia.
An extension of Twinspan is COINSPAN (COnstrained-INdicator-SPecies-ANalysis). COINSPAN offers additional analysis options for the classification of vegetation (Canonical Correspondence Analysis).
Individual evidence
- ^ Hill, MO (1979). TWINSPAN - a FORTRAN program for arranging multivariate data in an ordered two-way table by classification of the individuals and attributes. Section of Ecology and Systematics, Cornell University: New York. 90 pp.
- ↑ MO Hill, P. Šmilauer (2005): TWINSPAN for Windows version 2.3. Center for Ecology and Hydrology, University of South Bohemia, 90 pp.
- ^ TJ Carleton, RH Stitt, J. Nieppola (1996) Constrained indicator species analysis (COINSPAN): an extension of TWINSPAN. Journal of Vegetation Science Volume 7 (1): 125-130