Universal Negro Improvement Association
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League , UNIA-ACL or UNIA for short, is a pan-African organization founded by Marcus Garvey on October 1, 1914 in Kingston . In its heyday, it advocated the emigration of all black people to Africa.
The UNIA, founded in 1914 and partly based on the teachings of Booker T. Washington , expanded in the following years during the travels of its founder, especially in the United States . At times, several companies were run by the organization.
Garvey was succeeded as president:
- James R. Stewart
- William Levon Sherrill
- Thomas W. Harvey
- Charles Lynell James
- Reginald Wesley Maddox
- Marcus Garvey Jr.
- Amy Jacques Garvey
The motto is “One God! One Aim! One Destiny! "
literature
- Kenneth S. Jolly, “By Our Own Strength”: William Sherrill, the UNIA, and the Fight for African American Self-Determination in Detroit. New edition. Peter Lang Publishing, New York 2013, ISBN 978-1-4331-1808-1 .
- Mary G. Rolinson: Grassroots Garveyism: The Universal Negro Improvement Association in the Rural South, 1920-1927. Chapel Hill 2007, ISBN 978-0-8078-5795-3